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Whole Heart Multivitamin
by Enzymatic Therapy
120 Tablets
Comprehensive Multivitamin With Heart Health Benefits*
Our Price: $19.00
Retail Price: $32.95
You Save: $13.95 each, a 42% Savings! | 
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Whole Heart Multivitamin was developed for safe use with commonly prescribed medications and contains vitamins beneficial to proper nutrition. Multivitamins have been shown to provide superior nutritional support for heart health, support the reduction of elevated homocysteine levels, and help prevent cell-damaging free radical formation.* Benefits
• Supports heart and whole-body health* Key Features
• Heart-healthy antioxidants alpha lipoic acid, lycopene and lutein*
• Heart smart vitamins A, C and E*
• Homocysteine-lowering vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid* Introduction
Elevated homocysteine levels and an inadequate intake of antioxidants are not supportive of optimal cardiovascular health. Vitamins A, C and E are antioxidants that specifically support heart health. Vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid have been shown in clinical studies to lower homocysteine levels. Alpha lipoic acid, lycopene and lutein are also potent antioxidants.*
Homocysteine is a sulfur containing amino acid in the blood, which rapidly oxidizes and damages the inner lining of arteries. Among regular users of supplemental vitamins, average serum homocysteine levels are reported to be 1.5 micromolar lower than those who do not supplement. A clinical study of over 500 people who added folic acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 supplements to their diet, found that they experienced significant cardiovascular support.*
Free radicals are the end product of the oxidation of low density lipids which initiates the development of damage to the inner lining of arteries. Antioxidants inhibit cell damaging oxidation and support healthy arteries.* Vitamin A
Vitamin A supports the function of cardiac mitochondria (energy producing cells) and maintains general health and vigor of epithelial cells. Beta-carotene acts as an antioxidant to inactivate free radicals.*
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that provides protection for the inner lining of the arteries. It promotes many metabolic reactions, particularly protein metabolism, including formation of connective tissue. In addition, it supports the immune system.*
Vitamin D3
Vitamin D is essential for absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorus from the gastrointestinal tract. It works with parathyroid hormone to maintain calcium homeostasis. Recent research has shown that Vitamin D is important to the maintenance of electrolyte balance, volume balance and helps support the retention of healthy blood pressure levels that are already within normal limits.*
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is an antioxidant which inhibits the oxidation of low density lipids by inactivating free radicals. It is believed to inhibit catabolism of certain fatty acids that help form cell structures, especially membranes. It also supports healthy platelet activity and is involved in formation of DNA, RNA, and red blood cells.*
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Thiamine maintains a regular heartbeat and supports healthy circulation through the pumping ability of the heart muscle. It acts as a coenzyme for many different enzymes that break carbon-to-carbon bonds and are involved in carbohydrate and metabolism of pyruvic acid to CO2 and H2O. It is essential for synthesis of acetycholine.*
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
In clinical studies, riboflavin has shown significant benefit for heart health, and functions synergistically with other heart healthy nutrients. It is a component of certain coenzymes in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, especially in cells of eye, skin, mucosal lining of intestine, and blood.*
Niacin
In lipid metabolism, niacin supports healthy cholesterol production and assists in triglyceride breakdown to retain healthy cholesterol levels that are already within normal limits. Through peripheral vasodilatation, niacin supports the retention of healthy blood pressure that is already within normal limits. In clinical studies, niacin, when combined with other heart healthy nutrients, supported the muscle strength of the heart.*
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is a homocysteine lowering agent that also supports healthy circulation. It is an essential coenzyme for normal amino acid metabolism and assists in the production of circulating antibodies.*
Folic Acid
Folic acid lowers homocysteine levels and is essential for normal production of red and white blood cells.*
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 lowers homocysteine levels. It is a coenzyme necessary for red blood cell formation, formation of amino acid methionine, entrance of some amino acids into Krebs cycle, and manufacture of choline (used to synthesize acetylcholine).*
Biotin
Biotin is an essential coenzyme required by the mitochondria of cells to be converted into energy. It is also a coenzyme for the conversion of pyruvic acid to oxaloacetic acid and synthesis of fatty acids and purines.* Pantothenic Acid
In clinical studies, when combined with other heart healthy nutrients, pantothenic acid supported the muscle strength of the heart. It is essential for transfer of pyruvic acid into Krebs cycle, conversion of lipids and amino acids into glucose, and synthesis of cholesterol and steroid hormones.*
Calcium
This mineral allows the protein in muscles, actin and myosin to interact properly during muscle contraction. Through this cellular process, calcium directs the pacemaker activity and the excitation-contraction movement of the pumping heart.*
Iodine
Iodine is required by the thyroid gland to synthesize thyroid hormones, which regulate the basal metabolic rate. The thyroid gland is critically linked to effective cardiac functioning. A poorly functioning thyroid gland will disturb the heart's rhythmic functioning, which in turn contributes to the efficiency of the pumping strength of the heart muscle.*
Magnesium
In numerous clinical trials, magnesium has supported healthy heart rhythms. Magnesium regulates nerve muscle firing and is required for normal functioning of muscle and nervous tissue. It also participates in bone formation and is a constituent of many coenzymes.*
Zinc
As a component of carbonic anhydrase, zinc is important in carbon dioxide metabolism. As a component of peptidases, it is involved in protein digestion. In a clinical study of men and women ages 65 to 102, an extremely significant direct correlation was found between zinc and support for healthy aortic valves. Clinical trials have shown that zinc significantly supports cardiovascular health.*
Selenium
Selenium is an essential trace element. Research has revealed that it supports cardiovascular function.
Copper
Copper provides significant support for healthy heart muscles and is required with iron for synthesis of hemoglobin. It is a component of coenzymes in electron transport chain and enzymes necessary for melanin pigment formation.*
Manganese
Manganese plays an important role in the regulation of the pathway of activity in the cardiac mitochondria and has cardiac antioxidant properties as well. It activates several enzymes and is needed for hemoglobin synthesis, urea formation, growth, reproduction, lactation, bone formation, and possibly production and release of insulin, and inhibiting cell damage.*
Chromium
Chromium helps support the retention of healthy cholesterol levels that are already within normal limits. It is needed for the proper use of dietary sugars and other carbohydrates by optimizing the production and effects of insulin.*
Molybdenum
Molybdenum acts as a catalyst in the break down of fats and cholesterol. In experimental models, the concentration of molybdenum affected vasoconstriction. It supports healthy iron metabolism and healthy uric acid production. In addition, it functions as a cofactor for three enzymes, which contributes to the antioxidant capacity of the blood and also plays a role in the metabolism of drugs and toxins.*
Choline Bitartrate
Choline contains methyl group. Methyl groups from choline convert homocysteine into a useful amino acid. Choline is important for the structural integrity of cell membranes and lipid and cholesterol transport and metabolism.*
Alpha Lipoic Acid
Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) is an antioxidant that supports the retention of healthy cholesterol and blood pressure levels that are already within normal limits. It also helps maintain healthy heart pumping ability.*
Lycopene
Lycopene is an antioxidant that provides protection to the inside surfaces of artery walls. It assists in the metabolism of LDL.
Lutein
Lutein is an antioxidant that plays a role in the antioxidant cascade that neutralizes the energy of reactive oxygen.*
Vanadium
Vanadium is an essential trace element that supports glucose and lipid metabolism. Vanadium adds support to sodium and potassium transport in the red blood cell.*
Zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthin plays a role in the antioxidant cascade that neutralizes the energy of reactive oxygen.*
Enzymatic Therapy, Inc. is an FDA-registered Drug Establishment and an AFSII-certified producer of particular organic products.
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Supplement FactsServing Size: Two (2) Tablets
Servings Per Container: 60 | | | | Amount
Per Serving | Daily
Value | | Calories | 5 | | | Total Carbohydrate | 1g | <1% | | Vitamin A
(75 Percent As Beta Carotene And As Retinyl Acetate) | 5,000 IU | 100% | Vitamin C
(Ascorbic Acid) | 250 mg | 417% | Vitamin D
(As Cholecalciferol) | 200 IU | 50% | Vitamin E
(As D-alpha Tocopheryl Acid Succinate) | 200 IU | 667% | Thiamin
(as thiamin HCl) (vitamin B1) | 30 mg | 2,000% | Riboflavin
(Vitamin B2) | 30 mg | 1,765% | Niacin
(As Niacinamide And Niacin) | 60 mg | 300% | Vitamin B6
(As Pyridoxine HCl) | 30 mg | 1,500% | | Folic Acid | 450 mcg | 113% | Vitamin B12
(As Cyanocobalamin) | 500 mcg | 8,333% | | Biotin | 300 mcg | 100% | Pantothenic Acid
(As Calcium D-pantothenate) | 50 mg | 500% | Calcium
(As Calcium Carbonate And Calcium Citrate) | 200 mg | 20% | Iodine
(As Potassium Iodide) | 150 mcg | 100% | Magnesium
(As Magnesium Aspartate And Magnesium Oxide) | 125 mg | 31% | Zinc
(As Zinc Gluconate) | 15 mg | 100% | Selenium
(As L-selenomethionine) | 100 mcg | 143% | Copper
(As Copper Gluconate) | 1 mg | 50% | Manganese
(As Manganese Citrate) | 1 mg | 50% | Chromium
(As Chromium Picolinate) | 100 mcg | 83% | Molybdenum
(As Sodium Molybdate) | 38 mcg | 51% | | Sodium | 5 mg | <1% | Choline
(Bitartrate) | 138 mg | ** | | Alpha Lipoic Acid | 100 mg | ** | | Lycopene | 3 mg | ** | | Lutein | 750 mcg | ** | Vanadium
(As Vanadyl Sulfate) | 50 mcg | ** | | Zeaxanthin | 33 mcg | ** | |
** Daily Value Not Established. Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. |
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| Carnauba Wax, Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Modified Cellulose, Modified Cellulose Gum, Riboflavin (for color), Silicon Dioxide, Soy Lecithin, Soybean Oil |
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| As a dietary supplement, two (2) tablets one to two (1-2) times daily, or more as recommended by your healthcare practitioner. May be taken with meals. |
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| If pregnant, nursing, or taking prescription drugs, consult your healthcare practitioner prior to use. ... Keep bottle tightly closed. |
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| This product contains NO sugar, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, dairy products, artificial flavoring or preservatives. All colors used are from natural sources. |
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| Cardiovascular Health, Free Radicals, Heart Health, Heart Vitality |
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| Cardiovascular, Circulatory system, Coronal, Heart, Immune System |
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Nature Makes it Pure. Science Makes it Work.
 Our People
Enzymatic Therapy sparks with an enthusiasm that comes from knowing we're helping create the best supplement products in the nation.
Our team is made of people who are natural explorers; passionate about the healthful ingredients found in nature but committed to finding the most pure and effective combinations backed by rigorous research.
This buzz doesn't just end at the lab door. Everyone here, from our staff of scientists to our crews running the pharmaceutical-grade machinery to our customer service professionals, shares the exuberance of helping improve the health of America one customer at a time.
 Our Reputation
Enzymatic Therapy, Inc. is known as the highest quality provider of therapeutic-dosage natural healthcare products and nutritional supplements in the nation. We strive to be the best for your health.
Our Difference
One thing that sets us apart from the others is the way we make our products. Everything, including raw material evaluation, supplier selection, laboratory analysis and manufacturing standards, is set to conform to the FDA's verified Good Manufacturing Practices, known in the industry as "GMPs." Our Brands
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Good health doesn't have to be complicated. There are plenty of common-sense steps we can all follow to live better, more active, and fuller lives. Eat right
We hear this so often it almost loses meaning. Eating right should mean adding things to your diet--more veggies, more fruits, more rich-tasting high-fiber breads and grains. However, it doesn't necessarily mean you have to give up chocolate. After all, there's plenty of beneficial flavonoids in those dark chocolate bars, right? You may just not want to eat chocolate at every meal. Instead of swearing off your favorite (but not healthy) meal forever, try just cutting it down to once or twice a month--make it a treat. As you incorporate more healthy, whole foods into your diet, you'll probably find yourself craving them instead of the bad stuff. Exercise daily
You don't have to run a marathon or lift your neighbor's house. But, you can start parking a little further away at work each day. Begin taking break time walks, especially if the weather is nice. Dust off that bicycle and see if your friends would like to go for a spin. Almost every town has a dedicated group of folks who do some form of fun exercise. Whatever you do, don't overdo it right off the bat, and choose something you really enjoy. After a couple of weeks, your new exercise regimen will become part of your daily routine, as though it had always been that way. Strength train your brain
Challenge yourself mentally, and not just by trying to keep up at work. Find a class in your off-hours that teaches something you've always been curious about, but has nothing to do with work. Read a book for fun. Start a board game night with your family. Check out those crossword puzzles. Research in recent years shows that learning new skills and interacting with the world keeps our minds younger much longer. You owe it to yourself to turn off the television and fire up some neurons! Do something for others
Whether you volunteer for a local environmental group, a food pantry, or your church's annual picnic, people generally feel healthier when their focus is outside of themselves.
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Prescription drug listings are not all-inclusive; the drugs listed below are common examples.
| Top Drug Categories | Interactions | | Anti-anxiety | | | [Buspar® (buspirone), Ativan®(lorezepam) - see Benzodiazepines] | Kava - For reasons similar to benzodiazepines, it is recommended to avoid taking kava with buspirone unless otherwise directed by a licensed health care professional.
St. John's Wort, Ginkgo Biloba - Concurrent use of St. John's Wort and buspirone and St. John's Wort and Ginkgo Biloba with buspirone has resulted in mild serotonin syndrome and should be avoided unless directed by a licensed health care professional.
Grapefruit Juice - Concomitant administration of buspirone and grapefruit juice should be avoided as it increased the concentration of buspirone in the blood. | Antibiotics
(General) | Vitamin K - The use of cefmetazole sodium has been associated with hypoprothrombinrmia and treated with Vitamin K supplementation. | Antibiotics
| | | (Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Macrolides, Penicillins, Quinolones, Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines) | Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, and Zinc - May prevent the absorption of tetracycline, ciproflaxin, and other antibiotics. | Antibiotics
| | | Gentamycin and Penicillians | Potassium Chloride - Concomitant administration of gentamycin with potassium chloride may lower the absorption of potassium chloride. | Antibiotics
| | | Extended spectrum Macrolides [Biaxin®(clarithromycin), Zithromax®(azithromycin), Erythromycin, and Tetracyclines] | Antacids - Antacids containing magnesium and aluminum have been shown to interfere with azithromycin absorption. People can avoid this by taking azithromycin two hours before or after any aluminum or magnesium containing products. Studies show the magnesium typically found in supplements affects absorption of azythromycin. | | Anti-Diabetic | | | [Glucophage®(metaformin), Actos®, Avandia®(pioglitazone)] | DHEA(Dehydroepiandrosterone) - Metaformin has been shown to increase levels of DHEA in blood. | Antihistamines
| | | [Claratin®(loratadine), Allegra®(fexofenadine)] | St. John's Wort - Concomitant use of St. John's Wort can have an effect on plasma levels of fexofenadine.
Fruit Juices - Co-administration of grapefruit, orange, and apple juices decreases the absorption of fexofenadine.
| | Anti-Psychotics | | | [Zyprexa®(olanzapine), Risperdal®(risperidone)] | Vitamin B6 and E - Reported to effectively treat risperidone -related neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Glycine - Glycine in combination with antiphychotic treatment has shown significant effects on the effectiveness of these drugs. While adjunctive glycine treatment has been shown to improve negative symptoms in combination with clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone. Additional studies have shown it to be ineffective in combination with clozapine. Supplementation with glycine in combination with an antipsychotic should only be done under the supervision of a health care professional.
| Anti-Seizure
| | | [Tegretol®(carbamazepine), Dilantin®(phenytoin), phenobarbital and Mysoline®(primidone). Depakene®(valproic acid) and Depakote®(divalproex) are also anticonvulsant drugs.] | Magnesium, Black Pepper, and Caffeine - Concomitant administration of phenytoin (Dilantin®) or phenobarbital with magnesium oxide may lower magnesium oxide's absorption. Concomitant administration of Dilantin® and black pepper and/or long pepper may cause the phenytoin to be absorbed more rapidly and eliminated more slowly. Phenytoin also increases the metabolism and loss of caffeine from the body. | Benzodiazepines
| Kava - Due to the similarity of effects, it is usually recommended to avoid taking Kava with Benzodiazepines unless otherwise directed by a licensed health care professional.
St. John's Wort - Concomitant administration of St. John's Wort with alprazolam and should be avoided unless otherwise directed by a licensed health care professional. | | Beta-Blockers | Potassium - Concomitant use of certain Beta-Blockers may increase potassium levels.
Pepper (Piper Nigrum, Piper Longum) - In single dose human study, piperine, a chemical found in black pepper and long pepper, was reported to increase blood levels of propranolol, which could increase the activity and risks of the drug's side effects.
Antacids - One study showed a reduction in absorption of Sotalol(Betapace®) when taken concomitantly with an aluminum oxide or magnesium hydroxide antacid. This interaction can be avoided by taking the medication two hours apart.
Magnesium - Magnesium has been effectively used to treat heart arrythmias that have resulted from administration of Sotalol(Betapace®). | | Calcium Channel Blockers | Calcium - High level calcium supplementation may reverse the blood pressure-lowering actions of some calcium channel blocker drugs.
Vitamin D - Vitamin D may interfere with the effectiveness of verapamil.
St. John's Wort - A recent study showed that St. John's Wort decreased the bioavailability of R- and S-verapamil.
Fruit Juices - Ingestion of grapefruit, grapefruit juice, and grapefruit products has been shown to increase the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers or similar drugs. | Diuretics, Potassium-Sparing
| | | [Amiloride, Aldactone®(spironolactone), Dytac®(triamterene)] | Magnesium - Magnesium tends to be preserved.
| | HIV Antivirals | St. John's Wort - St. John's Wort has been shown to speed up the elimination of indinavir which may result in resistance to the drug. St. John's Wort should not be taken concomitantly with HIV Antivirals.
Sho-Saiko-To - This herbal medicine has been shown to enhance the antiviral activity of lamivudine.
Carnitine- Depletion of Carnitine levels may be responsible for muscle and nerve damage in patients on Antiviral therapies. Canitine supplementation is recommended.
Antioxidants- A small study showed a positive effect of antioxidant supplementation on hyperlactatemia (elevated levels of lactate in the systemic circulation) in patients on long-term Antiviral therapy.
N-Aceylt Cysteine- Studies have shown supplementation a NAC during Antiviral therapy may reduce AZT toxicity.
Vitamins E and C- Supplementation with Vitamin E has shown to improve the efficacy of AZT and supplementation with Vitamins E and C may reduce AZT-related cellular damage. | | NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) | Copper - Copper may enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs. Indomethacin may cause sodium and water retention. | | Non-Narcotic Pain Relievers | | | [Imitrex®(sumitriptan), Ultram®(tramadol)] | St. John's Wort - Potential interactions may occur. Concomitant administration is not advised unless prescribed by a health care professional. | | Oral Contraceptives | St. John's Wort - Concomitant use of St. John's Wort and oral contraceptives may reduce the effectiveness of the contraceptives and cause breakthrough bleeding.
Serum Iron and Copper - Oral contraceptive use has been associated with an increase in iron and copper levels. | | Respiratory Corticosteroids | Calcium - Calcium absorption was reduced following administration of oral beclomethasone (inhaler), a respiratory steroid similar to Flonase. | | Synthetic Thyroid | Iron and Soy - Iron supplements and soy products taken at the same time as thyroid hormone replacement may interfere with absorption. Thyroid hormone absorption is increased when taken on an empty stomach. Thyroid hormones should be taken an hour before eating, at the same time every day. |
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For support of overall health in any individual, the appropriate comprehensive age- and gender-specific multiple formula, flax oil, and multiple antioxidant formula are recommended. However, for a specific potential deficiency, individuals may add single ingredient supplements to assure repletion. It is important to consider the quality and bioavailability of vitamin and mineral supplements used for these purposes. |
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Anti-anxiety
- Miller LG. Herbal medicinals: Selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2200-2211. Abstract.
- Spinella M, Eaton LA. Hypomania induced by herbal and pha,aceutical psychotropic medicines following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2002 Apr; 16(4):359-67. (see reference SSRIs)
- Dannawi M. Possible serotonin syndrom after combination of buspirone and St. John's Wort J Psychopharmacol. 2002 Dec; 16(4):401. No abstract available.
- Lilja JJ, Kivisto KT, Backman JT, et al. Grapefruit juice substantially increases plasma concentrations of buspirone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998 Dec; 64(6):655-60.
Antibiotics
- Breen GA. Hypoprothrombinemia associated with cefmetazole Ann Pharmacother. 1997 Feb 31 (2) :180-4.
- Pelton R. LaValle JB. Drugs and Their Effects on Nutrition. In: The Nutritional Cost of Perscription Drugs. 2nd Edition Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company; 2004, 34-35.
- Horowitz S. Combining supplements and perscription drugs. Altern Complete Ther. 2000.pp.306.
- Brinker F. Vitamin/mineral/drug interactions. In:Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 3rd ed. Dandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical Publications; 2001.pp.306
- Foulds G, Hilligoss DM, Henery EB, Gerber N. The effects of an antacid or cimetidine on the serum concentrations of azithromycin. J Clin Pharmacol. 1991; 31:164-167. Abstract.
- Flockhart DA, Desta Z, Mahal SK. Selection of drugs to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux diease: the role of drug interactions. Clin Pharmakinet. 2000 Oct;39 (4):295-309.
Anti-Diabetic
- Nestler JE, Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ, et al. Effects of a reduction in circulating insulin by metformin on serum dehdtorpiandrosterone sulfate in nondiabetic men J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Mar;78(3):549-54.
- Crave JC, Fimbel S, Lejeune H, et al. Effects of diet and metformin administration on sex hormone-binding globulin, androgens, and insulin in hirsute and obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Jul; 80(7):2057-62.
AntiHistamines - Izzo AA. Drug interactions with St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum): a review of the clinical evidence. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Mar; 42(3):139-48.
- Wang Z, Hamman MA, Huang SM, et al. Effect of St. John's Wort on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 20002 Jun; 71(6):414-20.
- Dresser GK, Bailey DG. The effects of fruit juices on drug disposition: a new model for drug interactions. Eur J Clin Invest. 2003 Nov; 33 Suppl 2:10-6.
Anti-Psychotics - Dursun SM, Oluboka OJ, Devarajan S, Kutcher SP. High-dose vitamin E plus Vitamin B6 treatment of risperidone-related neuroleptic malignant malignant syndrome. J Psychopharmacol. 1998; 12(2):220-1.
- Javitt DC, Silipo G, Cienfuegos A, Shelley AM, et al. Adjunctive high-dose glycine in the treatment of schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001 Dec; 4(4):385-91.
- Heresco-Levy U, Ermilov M, Lichtenberg P, Bar G, Javitt DC. High-dose glycine added to olanzapine and risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jan 15;55(2):165-71.
- Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B. Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Jan; 156(1):145-7.
Anti-Seizure - Brinker F, Vitamin/mineral/drug interactions In: Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 3rd ed. Dandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical Publications; 2001.pp. 305.
- Herbs Ibid. pp 27-42.
Benzodiazepines - Miller LG. Herbal medicinals: Selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2200-2211. Abstract.
- Stevinson C, Huntley A, Ernst E. Systemic review of the safety of kava extract in the treatment of anxiety. Drug Saf 2002;25 (4) :251-61.
- Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, et al. Effect of St John's wort on drug metabolism by induction of cytochrome P450 3A enzyme. JAMA. 2003 Sep 17; 290(11):1500-4.
Beta-blockers - Gehr TW, Sica DA. Pharmacotherapy in congestive heart failure: Hyperkalemia in congestive heart failure. Congest Heart Fail. 2001 Mar-Apr; 7(2):97-100.
- Rosa RM, Silva P, Young JB, et al. Adrenergic modulation of extrarenal potassium disposal. N Engl J Med. 1980 Feb 21; 302(8):431-4.
- Bano G, Raina RK, Zutshi U, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1991; 41(6):615-7.
- Laer S, Neumann J, Scholz H. Interaction between sotalol and an antacid preparation. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997 Mar; 43(3):269-72.
- Sasse M, Paul T, Bergmann P, et al. Sotalol associated torsades de pointes tachycardia in a 15-month-old child: successful therapy with magnesium aspartate. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1998 May; 21(5):1164-6.
- Forlani S, Moscarelli M, Scafuri A, et al. Combination therapy for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized trial of sotalol and magnesium. Card Electrophysiol Rev. 2003 Jun; 7(2):168-71.
Calcium Channel Blockers - Haft JI, Habbab MA. Treatment of atrial arrhythmias. Effectiveness of verapamil when preceded by calcium infusion. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146:1085-89. Abstract.
- Weiss AT, Lewis BS, Halon DA, et al. The use of calcium with verapamil in the management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Int J Cardiol. 1983;4:275-80.Abstract.
- Threlkeld DS, ed. Diuretics and Cardiovasculars, Calcium Channel Blocking Agents.In Facts and Comparisons Drug Information St. Louis, MO; Facts and Comparisons, Nov 1992, 150-150b.
- Tannergren C, Engman H, Knutson L, et al. St John's wort decreases the bioavailability of R- and S-verapamil through induction of the first-pass metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Apr; 75(4):298-309.
- Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Kreeft JH, et al. Grapefruit-felodipine interaction: effect of unprocessed fruit and probable active ingredients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Nov;68(5):468-77.
- Baily DG, Arnold MD, Strong HA, Munoz C, Spence JD, et al. Effect of grapefruit juice and maringin on nisoldipine pharmacokinetics. Cli Pharmacol Ther.1993;54:589-94. Abstract
Diuretics, Potassium-Sparing - Devane J, Ryan MP. The effects of amiloride and triameterene on urinary magnesium excretion in conscious saline-loaded rats. Br J Pharmacol 1981;72:285-89
HIV Antivirals - Henderson L, Yue QY, Bergquist C, et al. St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): drug interactions and clinical outcomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Oct;54(4):349-56. Review.
- James JS. St. John's wort warning: do not combine with protease inhibitors, NNRTIs. AIDS Treat News. 2000 Feb 18 ;( No 337):3-5.
- Piras G, Makino M, Baba M. Sho-saiko-to, a traditional Kampo medicine, enhances the anti-HIV-1 activity of lamivudine (3TC) in vitro. Microbiol Immunol. 1997; 41(10):835-9.
- Moretti S, Famularo G, Marcellini S, et al. L-carnitine reduces lymphocyte apoptosis and oxidant stress in HIV-1-infected subjects treated with zidovudine and didanosine. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2002 Jun;4(3):391-403.
- Lopez O, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Edeas M, et al. Could antioxidant supplementation reduce antiretroviral therapy-induced chronic stable hyperlactatemia? Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 May-Jun; 57(3-4):113-6.
- Patrick L. Nutrients and HIV: part three - N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, L-glutamine, and L-carnitine. Altern Med Rev. 2000 Aug;5(4):290-305. Review.
- Gogu SR, Agrawal KC. The protective role of zinc and N-acetylcysteine in modulating zidovudine induced hematopoietic toxicity. Life Sci. 1996; 59(16):1323-9.
- Gogu SR, Beckman BS, Rangan SR, Agrawal KC. Increased therapeutic efficacy of zidovudine in combination with vitamin E. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Nov 30;165(1):401-7
- Wang Y, Watson RR. Is vitamin E supplementation a useful agent in AIDS therapy? Prog Food Nutr Sci. 1993 Oct-Dec;17(4):351-75. Review.
- de la Asuncion JG, del Olmo ML, Sastre J, et al. AZT treatment induces molecular and ultrastructural oxidative damage to muscle mitochondria. Prevention by antioxidant vitamins. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jul 1; 102(1):4-9.
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) - Sorenson JRJ. Copper chelates as possible active forms of the antiartritic agents. J Medicinal Chem 1976;19:135-48.
- Somova L, Zaharieva S, Ivanova M. Humoral factors involved in the regulation of sodium-fluid balance in normal man. II. Effects of indomethacin on sodium concentration, renal prostaglandins, vasopressin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 1984;10:29-33.
Non-Narcotic Pain Relievers - Brinker F, Vitamin/mineral/drug interactions In: Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 3rd ed. Dandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical Publications; 2001.pp. 183
Oral Contraceptives - Newhouse IJ, Clement DB, Lai C. Effects of iron supplementation and discontinuation on serum copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 May; 25(5):562-71.
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