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Enzymatic Therapy

Pearls X-Press
by Enzymatic Therapy
6 Packets

Dual-Action Formula—Probiotics Plus Probiotic Fiber*

Our Price: $6.47
Retail Price: $9.95
You Save: $3.48 each, a 35% Savings!

Pearls X-Press provides immediate relief with maximum-strength probiotics, combined with prebiotics (the fuel that helps probiotics grow and multiply). It provides superior, fast-acting support for your digestive system and intestinal tract.*

Benefits
• Replenishes microflora 60% faster than other microbial growth media*
• Safe to take with commonly prescribed medication, including antibiotics*

Key Features
• Helps replenish microflora after internal cleansing*
• Supports intestinal health while traveling*
• Strengthens your immune system during periods of stress*

How Does It Work?
The enormous reservoir of endogenous enteric bacteria has existed in humans for hundreds of thousands of years. These gut microflora provide several positive benefits, including digestion of food, production of vitamins, moderation of intestinal pH, formation of healthy bowel movements, and homeostasis of the immune system. To perform these functions, gut microflora must be properly balanced and have a superior food source. Recent research has suggested that these intestinal microorganisms are often present in insufficient numbers and inadequately nourished.*

Use of prebiotics, including inulin and FOS from chicory, accelerate the growth and activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum present in the intestines. The synbiotic effect of probiotics combined with prebiotics results in the proper balance of beneficial gut microflora, optimal health, and improved quality-of-life. Rigorous research has shown that these complex sugars also play an important role in the formation of healthy bowel movements and support of immune system health.*

Probiotics
The beneficial effects of probiotics on human health are significant. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that bacteria from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium play an important role in healthy immunological, digestive, and other physiologic functions. The overwhelming weight of the evidence supporting probiotic benefit has been conducted on these bacteria. While the majority of probiotic nutritional supplements contain Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium, other genera are also available, most often in a mixture of multiple organisms. As the effectiveness and safety of these purported probiotics has yet to be established, most healthcare practitioners and researchers follow the guidelines established by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.*

In May of 2002, the FAO and the World Health Organization (WHO) jointly issued guidelines for evaluating probiotic microorganisms in supplements and food. These guidelines support the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum as probiotic products due to their normal presence in intestinal microflora, their well-established safety, and their demonstrated effectiveness in balancing beneficial gut microflora.*

Prebiotics
Gut microflora are unable to absorb nutrients from the bloodstream and must obtain nutrition directly from the intestinal lumen. Prebiotics, such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), are complex sugars that provide needed nutrients. Inulin and FOS are characterized by their chains of two to sixty fructose units linked together like a string of pearls. Consisting of relatively short chains of sugar molecules, inulin is easily broken down for the rapid release of short chain fatty acids. The medium chains of FOS are digested more slowly and play a key role in sustaining gut microflora nutrition. The combination of rapid and sustained provision of nutrients provides optimal nutrition to the colonic biomass.*

True Delivery Technology
Probiotic supplements must be protected from air, moisture, and heat from the point of manufacture to the time they are ingested. In addition, unless they are able to travel through the gastric acid normally present in the stomach, adequate numbers of the microorganisms will not survive or reach the intestinal tract in a viable state.*

Unlike other probiotics on the market, Pearls X-Press contains mini-Acidophilus Pearls made with a proprietary encapsulating process called True Delivery Technology. Each seamless capsule contains an inner layer paste of probiotic bacteria suspended in a protective oil, a second layer that seals the bacteria, keeping them away from air, moisture, and heat, and the outermost third layer specially developed to dissolve in the intestines.*

X-Celerator Prebiotic Blend
The free flowing powder in each packet of Pearls X-Press contains inulin and FOS, in addition to multiple easy-to-swallow Acidophilus Pearls providing 2 billion L. acidophilus and B. longum CFU per packet. This proprietary blend of pro- and prebiotics results in a unique synbiotic effect. The result is significant colonization of beneficial gut microflora within the intestinal lumen that is provided with a superior food source for both rapid and sustained nutrition.*

In a recent laboratory analysis, the growth rate of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum with X-Celerator Prebiotic Blend, was increased by 60% CFU/ml over control after 24 hours. Growth Media: Time Zero 24 Hours Growth Rate Standard Media 670,000,000 102,695,000,000 153x Media w/ 530,000,000 130,000,000,000 245x X-Celerator Probiotic Blend Consumption of inulin and FOS is possible through a healthy diet, as numerous fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain foods naturally contain high levels of these prebiotic nutrients. However, when additional gastrointestinal support is required, these amounts may not be sufficient.*

Clinical Research Findings

Support for establishing healthy microflora balance
Certain substances, by virtue of their mechanism of action, may impact the balance of gastrointestinal microflora, resulting in occasional loose stools. Research has demonstrated that use of a probiotic and prebiotic blend can quickly restore and help maintain a healthy balance in the beneficial gut microflora reservoir.*

Support of healthy bowel movements when traveling
Occasional loose stools are a common occurrence while traveling. Prophylactic administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum has been demonstrated to help reduce such symptoms. When provided with prebiotics, probiotic supplements may further increase the numbers of gut microflora.*

Support after intestinal cleansing and detoxification
Detoxification and colon cleansing products support healthy gastrointestinal function. However, to gain increased gastrointestinal health, detoxification products may impact the healthy balance of gut microflora. While some detoxification products provide probiotics to use after detoxification, viability of these microorganisms may be questionable. For optimal health and well-being after cleansing, use of viable probiotics in combination with prebiotics provides quick and effective microflora restoration.*

Support during times of occasional stress
It is also well-established that stress has adverse effects on gastrointestinal function, including imbalance of normal gut microflora. These life stressors include work and family responsibilities, financial problems, changes in marital status, and concerns over global threats to personal and community safety. Occasional loose stools, constipation, and altered immune system responses are closely linked to times of increased stress.*

In a clinical study, athletes were given a probiotic supplement containing 2 billion CFU Lactobacillus acidophilus. The supplement was taken daily for one month. After exercising to fatigue, samples of the athlete's saliva were taken. It was noted that T cell secretion of interferon gamma had increased significantly (p = 0.01) to levels found in the control group of non-fatigued athletes. The study concluded that use of probiotics may provide unique support of gastrointestinal alterations during stressful situations.*

Probiotic supplements combined with prebiotics provide a synbiotic effect and a fast restoration of microflora balance, important during times of occasional stress.*

Immune system support
Lymphoid follicles of the gut mucosa are the major sites for induction and regulation of the immune system. Intestinal microflora play an essential role in the development and homeostasis of the immune system. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum have been shown to possess immunoprotective and immunomodulatory properties, including production of cytokines and various interleukins, promoting production of secretory IgA and other immunoglobulins, enhance phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells phagocytosis, increase natural killer (NK) cell activity, and increase numbers of activated T-cell lymphocytes. When probiotic supplements formulated with prebiotics are taken for microflora restoration and immune system support, a synbiotic effect is possible.*

Support of immune function in the elderly
Of particular interest are findings which demonstrate that improvements in immunological functions are more marked in subjects aged over 70 and in those with poor pretreatment parameters. In a clinical study, dietary supplementation of yogurt containing viable probiotics, dramatically enhanced immune system function in a group of healthy elderly subjects. This population may especially benefit from the synbiotic effect of probiotics in combination with prebiotics for rapid and sustained microflora restoration.*

Support for children
Probiotic supplementation has also been shown to safely and effectively support digestive function in children. One study found that probiotics reduced the duration of occasional loose stools in children by up to 50 percent. These healthy bacteria also appear to have a protective effect. Infants receiving a probiotic-supplemented formula were more than three times less likely to develop occasional loose stools.*

Enzymatic Therapy, Inc. is an FDA-registered Drug Establishment and an AFSII-certified producer of particular organic products.

Supplement Facts Serving Size: One (1) Packet Servings Per Container: 6

	Amount Per Serving	Daily Value
Calories	10
Total Carbohydrate	2g	<1%
Dietary Fiber	2g	8%

Prebiotic Fiber (Blend) inulin and FOS from chicory root	2 g	**
A Proprietary Blend (Probiotic Blend) Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum	2 Billion CFU's	**
Stevia Leaf Extract	5 mg	**

Prebiotic Fiber Blend is a registered trademark

** Daily Value Not Established. Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.

Other Ingredients

Beta Carotene, Cane Sugar, Cellulose, Citric Acid, Gelatin, Malic Acid, Mixed Tocopherols, Natural Lemon Flavor, Natural Orange Flavor, Orange Juice, Palm Kernel Oil, Pectin, Soy Lecithin, Soybean Oil, Turmeric, Vegetable Glycerin

Suggested Use

As a dietary supplement, one (1) packet daily, or more as recommended by your healthcare practitioner. Do not chew. ... May be mixed with yogurt, pudding, or other soft foods immediately before eating, or poured directly into mouth. ... Use Pearls X-Press anytime added probiotic support of the gastrointestinal or immune system is needed.

Warnings

If pregnant, nursing, or taking prescription drugs, consult your healthcare practitioner prior to use. ... Keep bottle tightly closed. ... Store in a cool, dry location. May refrigerate if desired

Allergen Info

This product contains NO salt, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, dairy products, artificial flavoring or preservatives. All colors used are from natural sources.

Applicable Functions

Digestive Balance, Digestive Comfort, Dysbiosis, Gastrointestinal Motility, Gastrointestinal Vitality

Related Structure Groups

Digestive System, GI Tract, Intestinal Mucous Membrane

About Enzymatic Therapy

Nature Makes it Pure. Science Makes it Work.

Our People
Enzymatic Therapy sparks with an enthusiasm that comes from knowing we're helping create the best supplement products in the nation.

Our team is made of people who are natural explorers; passionate about the healthful ingredients found in nature but committed to finding the most pure and effective combinations backed by rigorous research.

This buzz doesn't just end at the lab door. Everyone here, from our staff of scientists to our crews running the pharmaceutical-grade machinery to our customer service professionals, shares the exuberance of helping improve the health of America one customer at a time.

Our Reputation
Enzymatic Therapy, Inc. is known as the highest quality provider of therapeutic-dosage natural healthcare products and nutritional supplements in the nation. We strive to be the best for your health.

Our Difference
One thing that sets us apart from the others is the way we make our products. Everything, including raw material evaluation, supplier selection, laboratory analysis and manufacturing standards, is set to conform to the FDA's verified Good Manufacturing Practices, known in the industry as "GMPs."

Our Brands

Quick Tips

Good health doesn't have to be complicated. There are plenty of common-sense steps we can all follow to live better, more active, and fuller lives.

Eat right
We hear this so often it almost loses meaning. Eating right should mean adding things to your diet--more veggies, more fruits, more rich-tasting high-fiber breads and grains. However, it doesn't necessarily mean you have to give up chocolate. After all, there's plenty of beneficial flavonoids in those dark chocolate bars, right? You may just not want to eat chocolate at every meal. Instead of swearing off your favorite (but not healthy) meal forever, try just cutting it down to once or twice a month--make it a treat. As you incorporate more healthy, whole foods into your diet, you'll probably find yourself craving them instead of the bad stuff.

Exercise daily
You don't have to run a marathon or lift your neighbor's house. But, you can start parking a little further away at work each day. Begin taking break time walks, especially if the weather is nice. Dust off that bicycle and see if your friends would like to go for a spin. Almost every town has a dedicated group of folks who do some form of fun exercise. Whatever you do, don't overdo it right off the bat, and choose something you really enjoy. After a couple of weeks, your new exercise regimen will become part of your daily routine, as though it had always been that way.

Strength train your brain
Challenge yourself mentally, and not just by trying to keep up at work. Find a class in your off-hours that teaches something you've always been curious about, but has nothing to do with work. Read a book for fun. Start a board game night with your family. Check out those crossword puzzles. Research in recent years shows that learning new skills and interacting with the world keeps our minds younger much longer. You owe it to yourself to turn off the television and fire up some neurons!

Do something for others
Whether you volunteer for a local environmental group, a food pantry, or your church's annual picnic, people generally feel healthier when their focus is outside of themselves.

Drug Nutrient Interactions

Prescription drug listings are not all-inclusive; the drugs listed below are common examples.

Top Drug Categories Interactions
Anti-anxiety
[Buspar^® (buspirone), Ativan^®(lorezepam) - see Benzodiazepines]
Kava - For reasons similar to benzodiazepines, it is recommended to avoid taking kava with buspirone unless otherwise directed by a licensed health care professional.
St. John's Wort, Ginkgo Biloba - Concurrent use of St. John's Wort and buspirone and St. John's Wort and Ginkgo Biloba with buspirone has resulted in mild serotonin syndrome and should be avoided unless directed by a licensed health care professional.
Grapefruit Juice - Concomitant administration of buspirone and grapefruit juice should be avoided as it increased the concentration of buspirone in the blood.
Antibiotics
(General) Vitamin K - The use of cefmetazole sodium has been associated with hypoprothrombinrmia and treated with Vitamin K supplementation.
Antibiotics

(Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Macrolides, Penicillins, Quinolones, Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines) Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, and Zinc - May prevent the absorption of tetracycline, ciproflaxin, and other antibiotics.
Antibiotics

Gentamycin and Penicillians Potassium Chloride - Concomitant administration of gentamycin with potassium chloride may lower the absorption of potassium chloride.
Antibiotics

Extended spectrum Macrolides [Biaxin^®(clarithromycin), Zithromax^®(azithromycin), Erythromycin, and Tetracyclines] Antacids - Antacids containing magnesium and aluminum have been shown to interfere with azithromycin absorption. People can avoid this by taking azithromycin two hours before or after any aluminum or magnesium containing products. Studies show the magnesium typically found in supplements affects absorption of azythromycin.
Anti-Diabetic
[Glucophage^®(metaformin), Actos^®, Avandia^®(pioglitazone)] DHEA(Dehydroepiandrosterone) - Metaformin has been shown to increase levels of DHEA in blood.
Antihistamines

[Claratin^®(loratadine), Allegra^®(fexofenadine)]
St. John's Wort - Concomitant use of St. John's Wort can have an effect on plasma levels of fexofenadine.
Fruit Juices - Co-administration of grapefruit, orange, and apple juices decreases the absorption of fexofenadine.
Anti-Psychotics
[Zyprexa^®(olanzapine), Risperdal^®(risperidone)]
Vitamin B₆ and E - Reported to effectively treat risperidone -related neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Glycine - Glycine in combination with antiphychotic treatment has shown significant effects on the effectiveness of these drugs. While adjunctive glycine treatment has been shown to improve negative symptoms in combination with clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone. Additional studies have shown it to be ineffective in combination with clozapine.
Supplementation with glycine in combination with an antipsychotic should only be done under the supervision of a health care professional.
Anti-Seizure

[Tegretol^®(carbamazepine), Dilantin^®(phenytoin), phenobarbital and Mysoline^®(primidone). Depakene^®(valproic acid) and Depakote^®(divalproex) are also anticonvulsant drugs.] Magnesium, Black Pepper, and Caffeine - Concomitant administration of phenytoin (Dilantin^®) or phenobarbital with magnesium oxide may lower magnesium oxide's absorption. Concomitant administration of Dilantin^® and black pepper and/or long pepper may cause the phenytoin to be absorbed more rapidly and eliminated more slowly. Phenytoin also increases the metabolism and loss of caffeine from the body.
Benzodiazepines
Kava - Due to the similarity of effects, it is usually recommended to avoid taking Kava with Benzodiazepines unless otherwise directed by a licensed health care professional.
St. John's Wort - Concomitant administration of St. John's Wort with alprazolam and should be avoided unless otherwise directed by a licensed health care professional.
Beta-Blockers Potassium - Concomitant use of certain Beta-Blockers may increase potassium levels.
Pepper (Piper Nigrum, Piper Longum) - In single dose human study, piperine, a chemical found in black pepper and long pepper, was reported to increase blood levels of propranolol, which could increase the activity and risks of the drug's side effects.
Antacids - One study showed a reduction in absorption of Sotalol(Betapace^®) when taken concomitantly with an aluminum oxide or magnesium hydroxide antacid. This interaction can be avoided by taking the medication two hours apart.
Magnesium - Magnesium has been effectively used to treat heart arrythmias that have resulted from administration of Sotalol(Betapace^®).
Calcium Channel Blockers Calcium - High level calcium supplementation may reverse the blood pressure-lowering actions of some calcium channel blocker drugs.
Vitamin D - Vitamin D may interfere with the effectiveness of verapamil.
St. John's Wort - A recent study showed that St. John's Wort decreased the bioavailability of R- and S-verapamil.
Fruit Juices - Ingestion of grapefruit, grapefruit juice, and grapefruit products has been shown to increase the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers or similar drugs.
Diuretics, Potassium-Sparing

[Amiloride, Aldactone^®(spironolactone), Dytac^®(triamterene)] Magnesium - Magnesium tends to be preserved.
HIV Antivirals St. John's Wort - St. John's Wort has been shown to speed up the elimination of indinavir which may result in resistance to the drug. St. John's Wort should not be taken concomitantly with HIV Antivirals.
Sho-Saiko-To - This herbal medicine has been shown to enhance the antiviral activity of lamivudine.
Carnitine- Depletion of Carnitine levels may be responsible for muscle and nerve damage in patients on Antiviral therapies. Canitine supplementation is recommended.
Antioxidants- A small study showed a positive effect of antioxidant supplementation on hyperlactatemia (elevated levels of lactate in the systemic circulation) in patients on long-term Antiviral therapy.
N-Aceylt Cysteine- Studies have shown supplementation a NAC during Antiviral therapy may reduce AZT toxicity.
Vitamins E and C- Supplementation with Vitamin E has shown to improve the efficacy of AZT and supplementation with Vitamins E and C may reduce AZT-related cellular damage.
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Copper - Copper may enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs. Indomethacin may cause sodium and water retention.
Non-Narcotic Pain Relievers
[Imitrex^®(sumitriptan), Ultram^®(tramadol)] St. John's Wort - Potential interactions may occur. Concomitant administration is not advised unless prescribed by a health care professional.
Oral Contraceptives St. John's Wort - Concomitant use of St. John's Wort and oral contraceptives may reduce the effectiveness of the contraceptives and cause breakthrough bleeding.
Serum Iron and Copper - Oral contraceptive use has been associated with an increase in iron and copper levels.
Respiratory Corticosteroids Calcium - Calcium absorption was reduced following administration of oral beclomethasone (inhaler), a respiratory steroid similar to Flonase.
Synthetic Thyroid Iron and Soy - Iron supplements and soy products taken at the same time as thyroid hormone replacement may interfere with absorption. Thyroid hormone absorption is increased when taken on an empty stomach. Thyroid hormones should be taken an hour before eating, at the same time every day.

For support of overall health in any individual, the appropriate comprehensive age- and gender-specific multiple formula, flax oil, and multiple antioxidant formula are recommended. However, for a specific potential deficiency, individuals may add single ingredient supplements to assure repletion. It is important to consider the quality and bioavailability of vitamin and mineral supplements used for these purposes.

Pearls X-Press FAQ

Why does Pearls X-Press active cultures contain only 1 billion bacteria? Some other probiotic supplements contain several billion.
We know that our 1 billion probiotic bacteria—the general daily recommendation—survive stomach acids, and not everyone can say the same. Other productsneed to use many times this amount because they lack a protective delivery system (one of the reasons True Delivery Technology is a big deal). In other words, because we know our product’s survival rate is over 90%, you don’t have to take billions more bacteria just hoping to get the amount you need.*

What are prebiotics? Why do I need them?
Prebiotics, like the inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides found in Pearls X-Press, are complex carbohydrates that nourish our friendly intestinal microflora.*

In Pearls X-Press, these prebiotics help the probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum, thrive. Laboratory tests show the X-Celerator Prebiotic Blend in Pearls X-Press, can help probiotics grow 60% faster (in laboratory tests comparing the X-Celerator Prebiotic Blend to a standard microbial growth media after 24 hours).*

Is Pearls X-Press safe for children?
Yes. Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation has been clinically shown to safely and effectively support digestive function in children. The quantity of probiotics and prebiotics found in Pearls X-Press are safe for children.*

Why would I take Pearls X-Press instead of yogurt?
Pearls X-Press provides all the goodness of yogurt without the sugar, fat, calories or lactose. This product offers a beneficial alternative for individuals who are sensitive to dairy and a convenient way to obtain powerful probiotics, anytime - anywhere. Pearls X-Press requires no refrigeration, no spoon, and no hassle.*

In addition, there is some question about the actual probiotic count found in yogurt products. The National Yogurt Association (NYA) has established criteria for products that carry the Live & Active Culture seal. While the probiotic count is set at the time of manufacture, the "time" has not been well defined (i.e., Before or after fermentation?, Before or after packaging?). Either process may require high temperatures and potentially damage the fragile probiotic bacteria.*

Pearls X-Press, on the other hand, is guaranteed to deliver 2 billion beneficial probiotic bacteria to the intestines throughout product shelf-life.*

Does it matter when I take Pearls X-Press?
Take them with meals, between meals, or whenever it is easiest for you to remember.*

Drug Nutrient Interaction Chart References

Anti-anxiety

Miller LG. Herbal medicinals: Selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2200-2211. Abstract.
Spinella M, Eaton LA. Hypomania induced by herbal and pha,aceutical psychotropic medicines following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2002 Apr; 16(4):359-67. (see reference SSRIs)
Dannawi M. Possible serotonin syndrom after combination of buspirone and St. John's Wort J Psychopharmacol. 2002 Dec; 16(4):401. No abstract available.
Lilja JJ, Kivisto KT, Backman JT, et al. Grapefruit juice substantially increases plasma concentrations of buspirone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998 Dec; 64(6):655-60.

Antibiotics

Breen GA. Hypoprothrombinemia associated with cefmetazole Ann Pharmacother. 1997 Feb 31 (2) :180-4.
Pelton R. LaValle JB. Drugs and Their Effects on Nutrition. In: The Nutritional Cost of Perscription Drugs. 2nd Edition Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company; 2004, 34-35.
Horowitz S. Combining supplements and perscription drugs. Altern Complete Ther. 2000.pp.306.
Brinker F. Vitamin/mineral/drug interactions. In:Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 3rd ed. Dandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical Publications; 2001.pp.306
Foulds G, Hilligoss DM, Henery EB, Gerber N. The effects of an antacid or cimetidine on the serum concentrations of azithromycin. J Clin Pharmacol. 1991; 31:164-167. Abstract.
Flockhart DA, Desta Z, Mahal SK. Selection of drugs to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux diease: the role of drug interactions. Clin Pharmakinet. 2000 Oct;39 (4):295-309.

Anti-Diabetic

Nestler JE, Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ, et al. Effects of a reduction in circulating insulin by metformin on serum dehdtorpiandrosterone sulfate in nondiabetic men J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Mar;78(3):549-54.
Crave JC, Fimbel S, Lejeune H, et al. Effects of diet and metformin administration on sex hormone-binding globulin, androgens, and insulin in hirsute and obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Jul; 80(7):2057-62.

AntiHistamines

Izzo AA. Drug interactions with St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum): a review of the clinical evidence. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Mar; 42(3):139-48.
Wang Z, Hamman MA, Huang SM, et al. Effect of St. John's Wort on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 20002 Jun; 71(6):414-20.
Dresser GK, Bailey DG. The effects of fruit juices on drug disposition: a new model for drug interactions. Eur J Clin Invest. 2003 Nov; 33 Suppl 2:10-6.

Anti-Psychotics

Dursun SM, Oluboka OJ, Devarajan S, Kutcher SP. High-dose vitamin E plus Vitamin B6 treatment of risperidone-related neuroleptic malignant malignant syndrome. J Psychopharmacol. 1998; 12(2):220-1.
Javitt DC, Silipo G, Cienfuegos A, Shelley AM, et al. Adjunctive high-dose glycine in the treatment of schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001 Dec; 4(4):385-91.
Heresco-Levy U, Ermilov M, Lichtenberg P, Bar G, Javitt DC. High-dose glycine added to olanzapine and risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jan 15;55(2):165-71.
Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B. Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Jan; 156(1):145-7.

Anti-Seizure

Brinker F, Vitamin/mineral/drug interactions In: Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 3rd ed. Dandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical Publications; 2001.pp. 305.
Herbs Ibid. pp 27-42.

Benzodiazepines

Miller LG. Herbal medicinals: Selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2200-2211. Abstract.
Stevinson C, Huntley A, Ernst E. Systemic review of the safety of kava extract in the treatment of anxiety. Drug Saf 2002;25 (4) :251-61.
Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, et al. Effect of St John's wort on drug metabolism by induction of cytochrome P450 3A enzyme. JAMA. 2003 Sep 17; 290(11):1500-4.

Beta-blockers

Gehr TW, Sica DA. Pharmacotherapy in congestive heart failure: Hyperkalemia in congestive heart failure. Congest Heart Fail. 2001 Mar-Apr; 7(2):97-100.
Rosa RM, Silva P, Young JB, et al. Adrenergic modulation of extrarenal potassium disposal. N Engl J Med. 1980 Feb 21; 302(8):431-4.
Bano G, Raina RK, Zutshi U, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1991; 41(6):615-7.
Laer S, Neumann J, Scholz H. Interaction between sotalol and an antacid preparation. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997 Mar; 43(3):269-72.
Sasse M, Paul T, Bergmann P, et al. Sotalol associated torsades de pointes tachycardia in a 15-month-old child: successful therapy with magnesium aspartate. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1998 May; 21(5):1164-6.
Forlani S, Moscarelli M, Scafuri A, et al. Combination therapy for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized trial of sotalol and magnesium. Card Electrophysiol Rev. 2003 Jun; 7(2):168-71.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Haft JI, Habbab MA. Treatment of atrial arrhythmias. Effectiveness of verapamil when preceded by calcium infusion. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146:1085-89. Abstract.
Weiss AT, Lewis BS, Halon DA, et al. The use of calcium with verapamil in the management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Int J Cardiol. 1983;4:275-80. Abstract.
Threlkeld DS, ed. Diuretics and Cardiovasculars, Calcium Channel Blocking Agents.In Facts and Comparisons Drug Information St. Louis, MO; Facts and Comparisons, Nov 1992, 150-150b.
Tannergren C, Engman H, Knutson L, et al. St John's wort decreases the bioavailability of R- and S-verapamil through induction of the first-pass metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Apr; 75(4):298-309.
Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Kreeft JH, et al. Grapefruit-felodipine interaction: effect of unprocessed fruit and probable active ingredients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Nov;68(5):468-77.
Baily DG, Arnold MD, Strong HA, Munoz C, Spence JD, et al. Effect of grapefruit juice and maringin on nisoldipine pharmacokinetics. Cli Pharmacol Ther.1993;54:589-94. Abstract

Diuretics, Potassium-Sparing

Devane J, Ryan MP. The effects of amiloride and triameterene on urinary magnesium excretion in conscious saline-loaded rats. Br J Pharmacol 1981;72:285-89

HIV Antivirals

Henderson L, Yue QY, Bergquist C, et al. St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): drug interactions and clinical outcomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Oct;54(4):349-56. Review.
James JS. St. John's wort warning: do not combine with protease inhibitors, NNRTIs. AIDS Treat News. 2000 Feb 18 ;( No 337):3-5.
Piras G, Makino M, Baba M. Sho-saiko-to, a traditional Kampo medicine, enhances the anti-HIV-1 activity of lamivudine (3TC) in vitro. Microbiol Immunol. 1997; 41(10):835-9.
Moretti S, Famularo G, Marcellini S, et al. L-carnitine reduces lymphocyte apoptosis and oxidant stress in HIV-1-infected subjects treated with zidovudine and didanosine. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2002 Jun;4(3):391-403.
Lopez O, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Edeas M, et al. Could antioxidant supplementation reduce antiretroviral therapy-induced chronic stable hyperlactatemia? Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 May-Jun; 57(3-4):113-6.
Patrick L. Nutrients and HIV: part three - N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, L-glutamine, and L-carnitine. Altern Med Rev. 2000 Aug;5(4):290-305. Review.
Gogu SR, Agrawal KC. The protective role of zinc and N-acetylcysteine in modulating zidovudine induced hematopoietic toxicity. Life Sci. 1996; 59(16):1323-9.
Gogu SR, Beckman BS, Rangan SR, Agrawal KC. Increased therapeutic efficacy of zidovudine in combination with vitamin E. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Nov 30;165(1):401-7
Wang Y, Watson RR. Is vitamin E supplementation a useful agent in AIDS therapy? Prog Food Nutr Sci. 1993 Oct-Dec;17(4):351-75. Review.
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Oral Contraceptives

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Respiratory Corticosteroids

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Synthetic Thyroid

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