Organic Pharmacy >> PRODUCTS

Enzymatic Therapy

Garlinase FRESH
by Enzymatic Therapy
30 Enteric Coated Tablets

Heart Healthy Garlic Without The Garlic Breath!

Our Price: $8.13
Retail Price: $12.50
You Save: $4.37 each, a 35% Savings!

Garlinase Fresh uses fresh garlic because it is the best form! Nearly every clinical trial showing garlic's support for heart health used fresh garlic extracts. After all, allicin—the key, proven compound—is found in fresh garlic but not in aged garlic.

Why Use Garlinase Fresh?
It's closest to fresh garlic. Garlinase Fresh delivers 5,000 mcg of allicin, fresh garlic's most beneficial compound. Allicin acts as an antioxidant and helps support cardiovascular health. Garlinase Fresh supports healthy cholesterol naturally, and helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels that are already within the normal range.*

No Garlic Breath!
A unique, proprietary process ensures maximum absorption and freshness. Enteric-coated tablets reach the small intestine, so you get garlic where you need it, and avoid garlic breath.

How Does It Work?
Garlic contains many compounds that individually possess a wide range of beneficial effects. One of the most biologically active is allicin, which also provides garlic's distinct odor. However, allicin itself is not present in an intact garlic clove. It is formed when a clove is crushed, releasing the precursor alliin and the enzyme allinase, which then come together to form allicin. Several well designed, robust studies have demonstrated allicin's health supportive benefits.*

While allicin from fresh garlic has very high bioavailability, its strong odor can be problematic. Garlic odor is not merely present in breath after its consumption, it is also released through the pores of the skin, often persisting for hours or days afterwards.

The compounds in garlic have variable stability. Allinase is easily inactivated by gastric acid and allicin is fairly unstable prior to absorption in the bloodstream. Therefore, it is crucial that alliin and allinase taken in dietary supplements are introduced into the body where they can effectively create allicin.*

Garlic Supplement Disparities
Currently, there are several types of garlic supplements, including garlic oil, garlic powder, and aged garlic extract (AGE) products. Garlic oil supplements do not contain allicin, only allicin-derived compounds that have little beneficial effects at normal levels of garlic consumption. Softgel or hard shell capsulated garlic powder supplements that contain alliin and allinase are destroyed by gastric acid before they can create allicin and have minimal health supportive activity.*

Aged garlic extract products purposefully do not contain allicin. Disregarding the abundance of evidence that demonstrates the significance of allicin, the manufacturers of AGE supplements claim that other compounds are responsible for garlic's health supportive properties. Some studies have demonstrated that AGE supplements may have limited benefit. However, AGE manufacturers sponsored these studies and their findings have yet to be replicated, leading garlic researchers to question the validity of these findings. To date, the scientific consensus contends that allicin obtained from enteric-coated garlic tablets provides the most significant health supportive benefit.*

Allicin Research
Several studies have demonstrated allicin's health supportive benefits. Allicin acts as an antioxidant, supports healthy immune system function, including support of healthy immune cell activation, and helps support cardiovascular health. Allicin also supports healthy gastrointestinal function, especially support of healthy gastrointestinal mucosal lining.*

Garlinase Fresh
The patented Swiss process makes Garlinase Fresh truly unique among garlic supplements. When Garlinase Fresh tablets are swallowed, the enteric coating resists disintegration until it reaches the alkaline environment of the small intestine. There the Garlinase Fresh tablet dissolves, releasing alliin and allinase to form allicin, which is slowly released over a long period of time and absorbed into the bloodstream. The slow release of Garlinase Fresh in the small intestine also provides the superior health benefits of fresh garlic, but without garlic's distinct, and sometimes offensive, odor.*

Enzymatic Therapy, Inc. is an FDA-registered Drug Establishment and an AFSII-certified producer of particular organic products.

Supplement Facts Serving Size: One (1) Enteric Coated Tablet Servings Per Container: 30

	Amount Per Serving	Daily Value
Garlic Bulb (Extract) (Allium sativum) standardized to contain 3.4 percent alliin (11 mg)	320 mg	**

** DailyValue Not Established. Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.

Other Ingredients

Calcium Stearate, Cellulose, Fractionated Coconut Oil, Modified Cellulose, Modified Cellulose Gum, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium Alginate, Stearic Acid, Titanium Dioxide, Vegetable Glycerin

Suggested Use

As a dietary supplement, one (1) tablet daily with food, or more as recommended by your healthcare practitioner. ... Do not chew or crush.

Warnings

If pregnant, nursing, or taking prescription drugs, consult your healthcare practitioner prior to use. ... Garlic has some anticoagulant, or blood clotting prevention activity. As a result, concomitant use of garlic supplements with prescription anticoagulants or similar substances might potentiate the blood thinning effect. ... This product has a tamper-evident blister sheet. Do not use if foil or plastic is punctured.

Allergen Info

This product contains NO sugar, salt, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, soy, dairy products, artificial flavoring, preservatives or ingredients of animal origin. All colors used are from natural sources. Color variations are normal.

Applicable Functions

Aging, Bacterial Immunity, Cardiovascular Health, Cholesterol Health, Free Radicals, Fungal Support, Heart Health, Immune Deficiency, Immune System Support, Viral Resilience

Related Structure Groups

Digestive System, Immune System, Intestinal Lining, Intestine

About Enzymatic Therapy

Nature Makes it Pure. Science Makes it Work.

Our People
Enzymatic Therapy sparks with an enthusiasm that comes from knowing we're helping create the best supplement products in the nation.

Our team is made of people who are natural explorers; passionate about the healthful ingredients found in nature but committed to finding the most pure and effective combinations backed by rigorous research.

This buzz doesn't just end at the lab door. Everyone here, from our staff of scientists to our crews running the pharmaceutical-grade machinery to our customer service professionals, shares the exuberance of helping improve the health of America one customer at a time.

Our Reputation
Enzymatic Therapy, Inc. is known as the highest quality provider of therapeutic-dosage natural healthcare products and nutritional supplements in the nation. We strive to be the best for your health.

Our Difference
One thing that sets us apart from the others is the way we make our products. Everything, including raw material evaluation, supplier selection, laboratory analysis and manufacturing standards, is set to conform to the FDA's verified Good Manufacturing Practices, known in the industry as "GMPs."

Our Brands

Quick Tips

Good health doesn't have to be complicated. There are plenty of common-sense steps we can all follow to live better, more active, and fuller lives.

Eat right
We hear this so often it almost loses meaning. Eating right should mean adding things to your diet--more veggies, more fruits, more rich-tasting high-fiber breads and grains. However, it doesn't necessarily mean you have to give up chocolate. After all, there's plenty of beneficial flavonoids in those dark chocolate bars, right? You may just not want to eat chocolate at every meal. Instead of swearing off your favorite (but not healthy) meal forever, try just cutting it down to once or twice a month--make it a treat. As you incorporate more healthy, whole foods into your diet, you'll probably find yourself craving them instead of the bad stuff.

Exercise daily
You don't have to run a marathon or lift your neighbor's house. But, you can start parking a little further away at work each day. Begin taking break time walks, especially if the weather is nice. Dust off that bicycle and see if your friends would like to go for a spin. Almost every town has a dedicated group of folks who do some form of fun exercise. Whatever you do, don't overdo it right off the bat, and choose something you really enjoy. After a couple of weeks, your new exercise regimen will become part of your daily routine, as though it had always been that way.

Strength train your brain
Challenge yourself mentally, and not just by trying to keep up at work. Find a class in your off-hours that teaches something you've always been curious about, but has nothing to do with work. Read a book for fun. Start a board game night with your family. Check out those crossword puzzles. Research in recent years shows that learning new skills and interacting with the world keeps our minds younger much longer. You owe it to yourself to turn off the television and fire up some neurons!

Do something for others
Whether you volunteer for a local environmental group, a food pantry, or your church's annual picnic, people generally feel healthier when their focus is outside of themselves.

Drug Nutrient Interactions

Prescription drug listings are not all-inclusive; the drugs listed below are common examples.

Top Drug Categories Interactions
Anti-anxiety
[Buspar^® (buspirone), Ativan^®(lorezepam) - see Benzodiazepines]
Kava - For reasons similar to benzodiazepines, it is recommended to avoid taking kava with buspirone unless otherwise directed by a licensed health care professional.
St. John's Wort, Ginkgo Biloba - Concurrent use of St. John's Wort and buspirone and St. John's Wort and Ginkgo Biloba with buspirone has resulted in mild serotonin syndrome and should be avoided unless directed by a licensed health care professional.
Grapefruit Juice - Concomitant administration of buspirone and grapefruit juice should be avoided as it increased the concentration of buspirone in the blood.
Antibiotics
(General) Vitamin K - The use of cefmetazole sodium has been associated with hypoprothrombinrmia and treated with Vitamin K supplementation.
Antibiotics

(Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Macrolides, Penicillins, Quinolones, Sulfonamides, Tetracyclines) Calcium,Iron, Magnesium, and Zinc - May prevent the absorption of tetracycline, ciproflaxin, and other antibiotics.
Antibiotics

Gentamycin and Penicillians Potassium Chloride - Concomitant administration of gentamycin with potassium chloride may lower the absorption of potassium chloride.
Antibiotics

Extended spectrum Macrolides [Biaxin^®(clarithromycin), Zithromax^®(azithromycin), Erythromycin, and Tetracyclines] Antacids - Antacids containing magnesium and aluminum have been shown to interfere with azithromycin absorption. People can avoid this by taking azithromycin two hours before or after any aluminum or magnesium containing products. Studies show the magnesium typically found in supplements affects absorption of azythromycin.
Anti-Diabetic
[Glucophage^®(metaformin), Actos^®, Avandia^®(pioglitazone)] DHEA(Dehydroepiandrosterone) - Metaformin has been shown to increase levels of DHEA in blood.
Antihistamines

[Claratin^®(loratadine), Allegra^®(fexofenadine)]
St. John's Wort - Concomitant use of St. John's Wort can have an effect on plasma levels of fexofenadine.
Fruit Juices - Co-administration of grapefruit, orange, and apple juices decreases the absorption of fexofenadine.
Anti-Psychotics
[Zyprexa^®(olanzapine), Risperdal^®(risperidone)]
Vitamin B₆ and E - Reported to effectively treat risperidone -related neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Glycine - Glycine in combination with antiphychotic treatment has shown significant effects on the effectiveness of these drugs. While adjunctive glycine treatment has been shown to improve negative symptoms in combination with clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone. Additional studies have shown it to be ineffective in combination with clozapine.
Supplementation with glycine in combination with an antipsychotic should only be done under the supervision of a health care professional.
Anti-Seizure

[Tegretol^®(carbamazepine), Dilantin^®(phenytoin), phenobarbital and Mysoline^®(primidone). Depakene^®(valproic acid) and Depakote^®(divalproex) are also anticonvulsant drugs.] Magnesium, Black Pepper, and Caffeine - Concomitant administration of phenytoin (Dilantin^®) or phenobarbital with magnesium oxide may lower magnesium oxide's absorption. Concomitant administration of Dilantin^® and black pepper and/or long pepper may cause the phenytoin to be absorbed more rapidly and eliminated more slowly. Phenytoin also increases the metabolism and loss of caffeine from the body.
Benzodiazepines
Kava - Due to the similarity of effects, it is usually recommended to avoid taking Kava with Benzodiazepines unless otherwise directed by a licensed health care professional.
St. John's Wort - Concomitant administration of St. John's Wort with alprazolam and should be avoided unless otherwise directed by a licensed health care professional.
Beta-Blockers Potassium - Concomitant use of certain Beta-Blockers may increase potassium levels.
Pepper (Piper Nigrum, Piper Longum) - In single dose human study, piperine, a chemical found in black pepper and long pepper, was reported to increase blood levels of propranolol, which could increase the activity and risks of the drug's side effects.
Antacids - One study showed a reduction in absorption of Sotalol(Betapace^®) when taken concomitantly with an aluminum oxide or magnesium hydroxide antacid. This interaction can be avoided by taking the medication two hours apart.
Magnesium - Magnesium has been effectively used to treat heart arrythmias that have resulted from administration of Sotalol(Betapace^®).
Calcium Channel Blockers Calcium - High level calcium supplementation may reverse the blood pressure-lowering actions of some calcium channel blocker drugs.
Vitamin D - Vitamin D may interfere with the effectiveness of verapamil.
St. John's Wort - A recent study showed that St. John's Wort decreased the bioavailability of R- and S-verapamil.
Fruit Juices - Ingestion of grapefruit, grapefruit juice, and grapefruit products has been shown to increase the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers or similar drugs.
Diuretics, Potassium-Sparing

[Amiloride, Aldactone^®(spironolactone), Dytac^®(triamterene)] Magnesium - Magnesium tends to be preserved.
HIV Antivirals St. John's Wort - St. John's Wort has been shown to speed up the elimination of indinavir which may result in resistance to the drug. St. John's Wort should not be taken concomitantly with HIV Antivirals.
Sho-Saiko-To - This herbal medicine has been shown to enhance the antiviral activity of lamivudine.
Carnitine- Depletion of Carnitine levels may be responsible for muscle and nerve damage in patients on Antiviral therapies. Canitine supplementation is recommended.
Antioxidants- A small study showed a positive effect of antioxidant supplementation on hyperlactatemia (elevated levels of lactate in the systemic circulation) in patients on long-term Antiviral therapy.
N-Aceylt Cysteine- Studies have shown supplementation a NAC during Antiviral therapy may reduce AZT toxicity.
Vitamins E and C- Supplementation with Vitamin E has shown to improve the efficacy of AZT and supplementation with Vitamins E and C may reduce AZT-related cellular damage.
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) Copper - Copper may enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs. Indomethacin may cause sodium and water retention.
Non-Narcotic Pain Relievers
[Imitrex^®(sumitriptan), Ultram^®(tramadol)] St. John's Wort - Potential interactions may occur. Concomitant administration is not advised unless prescribed by a health care professional.
Oral Contraceptives St. John's Wort - Concomitant use of St. John's Wort and oral contraceptives may reduce the effectiveness of the contraceptives and cause breakthrough bleeding.
Serum Iron and Copper - Oral contraceptive use has been associated with an increase in iron and copper levels.
Respiratory Corticosteroids Calcium - Calcium absorption was reduced following administration of oral beclomethasone (inhaler), a respiratory steroid similar to Flonase.
Synthetic Thyroid Iron and Soy - Iron supplements and soy products taken at the same time as thyroid hormone replacement may interfere with absorption. Thyroid hormone absorption is increased when taken on an empty stomach. Thyroid hormones should be taken an hour before eating, at the same time every day.

For support of overall health in any individual, the appropriate comprehensive age- and gender-specific multiple formula, flax oil, and multiple antioxidant formula are recommended. However, for a specific potential deficiency, individuals may add single ingredient supplements to assure repletion. It is important to consider the quality and bioavailability of vitamin and mineral supplements used for these purposes.

Garlinase FRESH FAQ

What else can I take to support healthy cholesterol levels already within normal limits?
For individuals looking to boost good cholesterol levels, we recommend HDL Booster . HDL Booster has been clinically shown to increase good cholesterol (HDL) levels by up to 23%.*

What’s the difference between aged versus fresh garlic?
Aged and fresh garlic extracts are processed very differently and contain different components. To make aged garlic, garlic is placed in an ethanol solution and stored for 20 months. Aged garlic extract contains S-allyl mercaptocysteine (SAMC), a compound that AGE makers claim is the reason garlic is so good for us. Interestingly, fresh garlic does not contain any SAMC. It only appears after the aging process. Although a body of research has been developed for aged garlic, there have been no successful independent replications of aged garlic studies.

Allicin is the key proven compound found in fresh, not aged, garlic. Allicin is a complex compound that is only released when a garlic clove is crushed (that’s what you smell when you mince garlic). Allicin acts as an antioxidant, helps support cardiovascular health, and supports the immune system. Aged garlic yields no beneficial allicin.*

Is Garlinase Fresh enteric coated? Why does it matter?
Yes, Garlinase Fresh is enteric coated. An enteric-coated product utilizes a protective outer layer to keep the beneficial garlic extract contained until it reaches the alkaline environment of the small intestine. There, the tablet dissolves, slowly releasing alliin and allinase to form allicin, which is absorbed into the bloodstream as it travels slowly through the small intestine.*

Garlinase Fresh also uses the combination of a special formulation and the enteric coating to keep the key components of garlic’s active ingredient, allicin, separate until they are released and combined in the small intestine. This ensures optimal absorption and reduces the odor often associated with garlic.*

Why do I only have to take one tablet of Garlinase Fresh per day?
There’s a lot of goodness in one small tablet. Garlinase Fresh contains the equivalent of 4,000 mg of fresh garlic-the amount recommended by the German Commission E Monographs. One tablet of Garlinase Fresh provides the allicin potential of four cloves of fresh garlic.

Drug Nutrient Interaction Chart References

Anti-anxiety

Miller LG. Herbal medicinals: Selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2200-2211. Abstract.
Spinella M, Eaton LA. Hypomania induced by herbal and pha,aceutical psychotropic medicines following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2002 Apr; 16(4):359-67. (see reference SSRIs)
Dannawi M. Possible serotonin syndrom after combination of buspirone and St. John's Wort J Psychopharmacol. 2002 Dec; 16(4):401. No abstract available.
Lilja JJ, Kivisto KT, Backman JT, et al. Grapefruit juice substantially increases plasma concentrations of buspirone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998 Dec; 64(6):655-60.

Antibiotics

Breen GA. Hypoprothrombinemia associated with cefmetazole Ann Pharmacother. 1997 Feb 31 (2) :180-4.
Pelton R. LaValle JB. Drugs and Their Effects on Nutrition. In: The Nutritional Cost of Perscription Drugs. 2nd Edition Englewood, CO: Morton Publishing Company; 2004, 34-35.
Horowitz S. Combining supplements and perscription drugs. Altern Complete Ther. 2000.pp.306.
Brinker F. Vitamin/mineral/drug interactions. In:Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 3rd ed. Dandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical Publications; 2001.pp.306
Foulds G, Hilligoss DM, Henery EB, Gerber N. The effects of an antacid or cimetidine on the serum concentrations of azithromycin. J Clin Pharmacol. 1991; 31:164-167. Abstract.
Flockhart DA, Desta Z, Mahal SK. Selection of drugs to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux diease: the role of drug interactions. Clin Pharmakinet. 2000 Oct;39 (4):295-309.

Anti-Diabetic

Nestler JE, Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ, et al. Effects of a reduction in circulating insulin by metformin on serum dehdtorpiandrosterone sulfate in nondiabetic men J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Mar;78(3):549-54.
Crave JC, Fimbel S, Lejeune H, et al. Effects of diet and metformin administration on sex hormone-binding globulin, androgens, and insulin in hirsute and obese women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Jul; 80(7):2057-62.

AntiHistamines

Izzo AA. Drug interactions with St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum): a review of the clinical evidence. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Mar; 42(3):139-48.
Wang Z, Hamman MA, Huang SM, et al. Effect of St. John's Wort on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 20002 Jun; 71(6):414-20.
Dresser GK, Bailey DG. The effects of fruit juices on drug disposition: a new model for drug interactions. Eur J Clin Invest. 2003 Nov; 33 Suppl 2:10-6.

Anti-Psychotics

Dursun SM, Oluboka OJ, Devarajan S, Kutcher SP. High-dose vitamin E plus Vitamin B6 treatment of risperidone-related neuroleptic malignant malignant syndrome. J Psychopharmacol. 1998; 12(2):220-1.
Javitt DC, Silipo G, Cienfuegos A, Shelley AM, et al. Adjunctive high-dose glycine in the treatment of schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001 Dec; 4(4):385-91.
Heresco-Levy U, Ermilov M, Lichtenberg P, Bar G, Javitt DC. High-dose glycine added to olanzapine and risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jan 15;55(2):165-71.
Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B.Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Jan; 156(1):145-7.

Anti-Seizure

Brinker F, Vitamin/mineral/drug interactions In: Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 3rd ed. Dandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical Publications; 2001.pp. 305.
Herbs Ibid. pp 27-42.

Benzodiazepines

Miller LG. Herbal medicinals: Selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2200-2211. Abstract.
Stevinson C, Huntley A, Ernst E. Systemic review of the safety of kava extract in the treatment of anxiety. Drug Saf 2002;25 (4) :251-61.
Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, et al. Effect of St John's wort on drug metabolism by induction of cytochrome P450 3A enzyme. JAMA. 2003 Sep 17; 290(11):1500-4.

Beta-blockers

Gehr TW, Sica DA. Pharmacotherapy in congestive heart failure: Hyperkalemia in congestive heart failure. Congest Heart Fail. 2001 Mar-Apr; 7(2):97-100.
Rosa RM, Silva P, Young JB, et al. Adrenergic modulation of extrarenal potassium disposal. N Engl J Med. 1980 Feb 21; 302(8):431-4.
Bano G, Raina RK, Zutshi U, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1991; 41(6):615-7.
Laer S, Neumann J, Scholz H. Interaction between sotalol and an antacid preparation. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997 Mar; 43(3):269-72.
Sasse M, Paul T, Bergmann P, et al. Sotalol associated torsades de pointes tachycardia in a 15-month-old child: successful therapy with magnesium aspartate. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1998 May; 21(5):1164-6.
Forlani S, Moscarelli M, Scafuri A, et al. Combination therapy for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized trial of sotalol and magnesium. Card Electrophysiol Rev. 2003 Jun; 7(2):168-71.

Calcium Channel Blockers

Haft JI, Habbab MA. Treatment of atrial arrhythmias. Effectiveness of verapamil when preceded by calcium infusion. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146:1085-89. Abstract.
Weiss AT, Lewis BS, Halon DA, et al. The use of calcium with verapamil in the management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Int J Cardiol. 1983;4:275-80. Abstract.
Threlkeld DS, ed. Diuretics and Cardiovasculars, Calcium Channel Blocking Agents.In Facts and Comparisons Drug Information St. Louis, MO; Facts and Comparisons, Nov 1992, 150-150b.
Tannergren C, Engman H, Knutson L, et al. St John's wort decreases the bioavailability of R- and S-verapamil through induction of the first-pass metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Apr; 75(4):298-309.
Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Kreeft JH, et al. Grapefruit-felodipine interaction: effect of unprocessed fruit and probable active ingredients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Nov;68(5):468-77.
Baily DG, Arnold MD, Strong HA, Munoz C, Spence JD, et al. Effect of grapefruit juice and maringin on nisoldipine pharmacokinetics. Cli Pharmacol Ther.1993;54:589-94. Abstract

Diuretics, Potassium-Sparing

Devane J, Ryan MP. The effects of amiloride and triameterene on urinary magnesium excretion in conscious saline-loaded rats. Br J Pharmacol 1981;72:285-89

HIV Antivirals

Henderson L, Yue QY, Bergquist C, et al. St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): drug interactions and clinical outcomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Oct;54(4):349-56. Review.
James JS. St. John's wort warning: do not combine with protease inhibitors, NNRTIs. AIDS Treat News. 2000 Feb 18 ;( No 337):3-5.
Piras G, Makino M, Baba M. Sho-saiko-to, a traditional Kampo medicine, enhances the anti-HIV-1 activity of lamivudine (3TC) in vitro. Microbiol Immunol. 1997; 41(10):835-9.
Moretti S, Famularo G, Marcellini S, et al. L-carnitine reduces lymphocyte apoptosis and oxidant stress in HIV-1-infected subjects treated with zidovudine and didanosine. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2002 Jun;4(3):391-403.
Lopez O, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Edeas M, et al. Could antioxidant supplementation reduce antiretroviral therapy-induced chronic stable hyperlactatemia? Biomed Pharmacother. 2003 May-Jun; 57(3-4):113-6.
Patrick L. Nutrients and HIV: part three - N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, L-glutamine, and L-carnitine. Altern Med Rev. 2000 Aug;5(4):290-305. Review.
Gogu SR, Agrawal KC. The protective role of zinc and N-acetylcysteine in modulating zidovudine induced hematopoietic toxicity. Life Sci. 1996; 59(16):1323-9.
Gogu SR, Beckman BS, Rangan SR, Agrawal KC. Increased therapeutic efficacy of zidovudine in combination with vitamin E. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Nov 30;165(1):401-7
Wang Y, Watson RR. Is vitamin E supplementation a useful agent in AIDS therapy? Prog Food Nutr Sci. 1993 Oct-Dec;17(4):351-75. Review.
de la Asuncion JG, del Olmo ML, Sastre J, et al. AZT treatment induces molecular and ultrastructural oxidative damage to muscle mitochondria. Prevention by antioxidant vitamins. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jul 1; 102(1):4-9.

NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Sorenson JRJ. Copper chelates as possible active forms of the antiartritic agents. J Medicinal Chem 1976;19:135-48.
Somova L, Zaharieva S, Ivanova M. Humoral factors involved in the regulation of sodium-fluid balance in normal man. II. Effects of indomethacin on sodium concentration, renal prostaglandins, vasopressin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 1984;10:29-33.

Non-Narcotic Pain Relievers

Brinker F, Vitamin/mineral/drug interactions In: Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 3rd ed. Dandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical Publications; 2001.pp. 183

Oral Contraceptives

Newhouse IJ, Clement DB, Lai C. Effects of iron supplementation and discontinuation on serum copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium levels in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 May; 25(5):562-71.
Milman N, Rosdahl N, Lyhne N, et al. Iron status in Danish women aged 35-65 years. Relation to menstruation and method of contraception. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1993 Nov; 72(8):601-5.
Frassinelli-Gunderson EP, Margen S, Brown JR. Iron stores in users of oral contraceptive agents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 Apr; 41(4):703-12.

Respiratory Corticosteroids

Smith BJ, Phillips PJ, Pannall PR, et al. Effect of orally administered beclomethasone dipropionate on calcium absorption from the gut in normal subjects. Thorax. 1993 Sep; 48(9):890-3.

Synthetic Thyroid

Beard JL, Borel M, Peterson FJ. Changes in iron status during weight loss with very low-energy diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:104-110. Abstract.
Beard JL, Borel MJ, Derr J. Impaired thermoregulation and thyroid function in iron deficiency anemia. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:813-819. Abstract.
Campbell NR, Hasinoff BB. Iron supplements: A comon cause of drug interactions. Brit J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;31:251-255. Abstract.
Jabbar MA, Larrea J, Shaw RA. Abnormal thyroid function tests in infants with congenital hypothyroidism: The influence of soy-based formulas. J Am Coll Nutr 1997;16:280-282. Abstract.
Threlkeld DS, ed. Hormones, Thyroid Hormones. In: Facts and Comparisons Drug Information. St. Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons; 1991:131-133c.

Additional References

1. Blumenthal M, ed. Garlic (Allii sativi bulbous). In: The Complete German Commission E Monographs. Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Austin, Tex: American Botanical Council; 1998: 134-135.
2. Fleming T., ed. Garlic (Allium sativum). In: PDR for Herbal Medicines. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company; 2000: 327-331.
3. Koch HP. Therapeutic Effects and Applications of Garlic and its Preparations. In: Garlic: The Science and Therapeutic Application of Allium sativum L. and Related Species. Koch HP, Lawson L. eds. Baltimore, Md: Williams and Wilkins; 1996:38,103,153-162.
4. Lawson L, Wang J. The common metabolism of allicin and allicin-derived compounds in humans and allicin release from garlic compounds. Presentation at the American Herbal products Association International Garlic Symposium. August 1st, 2001.
5. Krest I, Keusgen M. Stabilization and pharmaceutical use of alliinase. Pharmazie. 1999;54:289-93.
6. Zhang XH, Lowe D, Giles P, Fell S, Connock MJ, Maslin DJ. Gender may influence the action of garlic oil on plasma cholesterol and glucose levels of normal subjects. J Nutr.2001;131:1471-1478.
7. Berthold HK, Sudhop T, von Bergmann K. Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;17:1900-1902.
8. Staba EJ, Lash L, Staba JE. A commentary on the effects of garlic extraction and formulation on product composition. J Nutr. 2001;131:1118S-1119S.
9. Isaacsohn JL, Moser M, Stein EA, et al. Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1189-1194.
10. Spigelski D, Jones PJ. Efficacy of garlic supplementation in lowering serum cholesterol levels. Nutr Rev. 2001;59:236-241.
11. Amagase H, Petesch BL, Matsuura H, Kasuga S, Itakura Y. Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. J Nutr. 2001;131:955S-62S.
12. Amagase H, Block E, Bordia A, Lawson LD. The controversial issues surrounding allicin versus non-allicin containing products. Panel Discussion. Presentation at the American Herbal products Association International Garlic Symposium. August 1st, 2001.
13. Rabinkov A, Miron T, Konstantinovski L, Wilchek M, Mirelman D, Weiner L. The mode of action of allicin: trapping of radicals and interaction with thiol containing proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1379:233-44.
14. Das I, Khan NS, Sooranna SR. Nitric oxide synthase activation is a unique mechanism of garlic action. Biochem Soc Trans. 1995;23:136S.
15. Kim-Park S, Ku DD. Garlic elicits a nitric oxide-dependent relaxation and inhibits hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2000;27:780-6.
16. Kannar D, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Savige GS, Wahlqvist ML. Hypocholesterolemic effects of an enteric-coated garlic supplement. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20:225-31.
17. Koscielny J, Klussendorf D, Latza R, Schmitt R, Radtke H, Siegel G, et al. The antiatherosclerotic effect of Allium sativum. Atherosclerosis. 1999;144:237-259.
18. Orekhov AN, Grunwald J. Effects of garlic on atherosclerosis. Nutrition. 1997;13:656-663.
19. Josling P. Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: a double blind, placebo-controlled survey. Adv Ther. 2001;18:189-93.
20. Milner JA. A historical perspective on garlic and cancer. J Nutr. 2001;131:1027-31.
21. Salman H, Bergman M, Bessler H, Punsky I, Djaldetti M. Effect of a garlic derivative (alliin) on peripheral blood cell immune responses. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1999;21:589-97.
22. Tang Z, Sheng Z, Liu S, Jian X,Sun K, Yan M. The preventing function of garlic on experimental oral precancer and its effect on natural killer cells, T-lymphocytes and interleukin-2. Hunan I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao. 1997;22:246-248.
23. Ankri S, Miron T, Rabinkov A, Wilchek M, Mirelman D. Allicin from garlic strongly inhibits cysteine proteinases and cytopathic effects of Entamoeba histolytica. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41:2286-8.
24. Jonkers D, van den Broek E, van Dooren, et al. Antibacterial effect of garlic and omeprazole on Helicobacter pylori. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999;43:837-9.
25. Kockar C, Ozturk M, Bavbek N. Helicobacter pylori eradication with beta-carotene, ascorbic acid and allicin. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2001;44:97-100.
26. Klemen H. Enzymatic Therapy Director of Quality Control Laboratory. In-house communication (electronic mail). November 5, 2002.