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Daily Immune Defense contains three novel nutritional factors that powerfully support immune health and wellness, including EpiCor, Emed-OLE and Immunolin.*

EpiCor
EpiCor is a unique dietary supplement used for immune support, with a fascinating history of discovery. In 1943, a companyin Cedar Rapids, Iowa began manufacturing and selling a fermentation product from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the same yeast used in bread and beer making. The product was and still is used as an additive for animal feed to help improve digestion and overall health in animals. It has been on the market for over 60 years.*

Interestingly, when the company became self-insured, they became aware of unusually low rates of illness in employees that worked in the manufacturing plant for this animal product. This led to very low increases in their insurance premiums over the years compared to other companies, saving them quite a lot of money. Hence, they began to investigate what might be the cause of the “healthfulness” of the employees at the fermentation plant.*

A comparison study was performed between blood from 10 fermentation plant workers and 10 age- and gender-matched controls. The fermentation plant workers had several immune cell parameters that appeared superior to the control group. These included decreased levels of CD8 cells resulting in significantly increased CD4 to CD8 ratios; significantly improved cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cell activity, even though total NK cells were decreased in number; higher killing efficiency of NK cells; significantly increased levels of secretory IgA; increased numbers of EpiCor-specific antibodies; higher levels of red blood cell intracellular glutathione; and significantly lower levels of immune complexes.*

These results represent benefits on various cellular players of both the specific and innate parts of the immune system. This investigation, and subsequent research studies, led to the production of EpiCor as a supplement for humans to support immune system health.*

NK cells are one of the first lines of defense used by the immune system. An in vitro study performed on human cells showed that NK cells were activated after incubation with EpiCor, as evaluated by expression of the CD69 activation marker. The CD25 marker (IL-2 receptor) was also induced in the NK cells, although to a lesser degree. B cell activation was also noted, through increased expression of CD80 and CD86 markers. Immediate increases in calcium levels were evident in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after exposure to EpiCor, suggesting increased activation through calcium regulation.*

Emed-OLE
Emed-OLE is a premier extract of olive leaf that has a high concentration of oleuropein, a powerful phyto-antioxidant that has shown an ability to regulate immune function.*

The bitter secoiridoid oleuropein is the major phenol component found in olive leaves, and is known for its antioxidant effects. The concentration of oleuropein in leaves by weight ranges from 9.04 to 14.32%. Other important constituents in the plant include oleuroside, ligstroside, demethyoleuropein, oleacin, kaempferol, quercetin, caffeic acid, erythrodiol, rutin, verbascoside, luteolin 7-glucoside, and apigenin 7-glucoside.*

A number of in vitro studies have established the antioxidant effects of oleuropein. In an in vivo model, rabbits fed oleuropein were found to have significantly lower levels of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in both plasma and in erythrocytes when compared to control rabbits. Additionally, a human study found that oral intake of increasing amounts of oleuropein and its hydrolysis derivative hydroxytyrosol led to significant dose-dependant decreases of the oxidative stress marker isoprostane in the urine of the subjects.*

Emed-OLE is produced by Euromed from Olea europaea (Olive) trees found in the Andalusia region of southern Spain, which have been cultivated there since Roman times. The trees are grown under good agricultural practice (GAP) requirements, prohibiting the use of herbicides, pesticides and fungicides during cultivation. The production of Emed-OLE utilizes a standardized method of water/ethanol extraction, resulting in a full complement of fat- and water-soluble olivephytochemicals. Extracts are carefully monitored to ensure the absence of contaminants, as well as accurate and consistent levels of oleuropein in every batch. The drying process is performed in such a way as to ensure that antioxidant activity is preserved. Emed-OLE satisfies international monograph requirements for quality and safety.*

Immunolin
Immunolin is a high quality purified protein isolate high in immunoglobulins and beneficial growth factors that are known to support immune system wellness.*

Immunolin is a concentrated source of bovine immunoglobulins or antibodies, which are proteins that function as an important part of the adaptive immune system. Immunolin is especially rich in particular classes of immunoglobulins, namely IgG, IgM, and IgA. When taken orally, Immunolin is intended to support and supplement the body’s healthy immune system. In addition to immunoglobulins, Immunolin also contains a number of other supportive constituents, including transferrin, cytokines, endotoxin-binding proteins, and acute phase proteins.*

Plasma protein from which Immunolin is derived has been commonly added to diets of early-weaned pigs in place of soy protein, because it has been found to increase growth rate and food intake in these young and vulnerable animals in numerous studies. In one such study, a diet containing spray-dried animal plasma was compared to a control diet in newly-weaned pigs. It was found that although the mean daily protein intake did not differ between groups, the rate of weight gain and dietary protein conversion efficiency, as well as utilization for lean tissue growth, was significantly higher in the animals eating the plasma diet. Similarly, gain-to-feed ratios increased linearly in male newly-weaned mice fed diets with similar nutrient concentrations and increasing amounts of plasma protein.*

To determine which component of the plasma protein benefits growth performance, various molecular weight extracts of the plasma were compared. Pigs fed fractions especially rich in IgG experienced beneficial results in growth and food intake increases similar to the plasma protein, when compared to control diets. However, neither albumin-rich nor low molecular weight fractions produced such effects, suggesting that the IgG-rich fraction may be the important plasma component for growth benefits. It has been hypothesized, based on results discussed below, that this benefit on growth may be due to a supportive effect on the immune system of these animals.*

A number of animal studies have been performed using oral supplementation of plasma protein in healthy animals, before and during immune system challenges. Findings show that healthy, newly-weaned pigs fed spray dried plasma had improved growth performance; decreased IgA secretion; enhanced intestinal mucosal function; and decreased levels of certain cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-8, after challenge (compared to those fed a control diet). In addition to an increase in healthy weight gain and gain-to-feed ratios, non-challenged pigs fed spray dried plasma protein had significantly lower percentages of macrophages, B lymphocytes, and gamma delta TCR positive lymphocytes in their lymph nodes, as well as significantly lower percentage of macrophages in the Peyer’s patches (important lymphoid components of the intestinal immune system) compared to controls.*

An additional study looked at the effects of both animal plasma and concentrated immunoglobulins on the barrier function of the intestines in rats. Newly-weaned Wistar Lewis rats were fed either a control diet, a spray dried animal plasma enriched diet, or an immunoglobulin concentrate enriched diet. After challenge, the rats fed the control diet exhibited an increased permeability of the intestinal tract, while this was not seen in rats fed either the plasma protein or the immunoglobulin supplemented diets. This suggests a supportive role for these diets. Spray dried animal plasma also appears tohave a positive effect on the growth of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacilli species in the intestinal tract of challenged pigs.*

The production of Immunolin for support of the immune system utilizes cold processing and low temperature drying of serum to ensure high quality and prevent any degradation of protein during the manufacturing process.*