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Acetyl-L-Carnitine - 250 Mg
by Nutricology
60 Vegetarian Capsules
An Acetyl Derivative Of The Amino Acid Carnitine
Our Price: $16.14
Retail Price: $29.50
You Save: $13.36 each, a 45% Savings! | 
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Acetyl-L-Carnitine is a nutrient which occurs naturally in the body. Acetyl-L-carnitine is involved in the metabolism of protein, carbohydrates and fats, as well as the conversion of fats into energy and triglyceride metabolism. Acetyl-L-carnitine crosses the blood brain barrier more readily than L-carnitine, has antioxidant properties, and because it has an affinity for nerve cells, may especially provide antioxidant protection for neuronal integrity.* Acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation has been shown to support glutathione and CoQ10 levels.* It mimics acetylcholine and therefore may positively affect the brain chemistry involved with memory and moods, as well as energy production in the brain.* Free form amino acid, high purity, well tolerated. This product is hypoallergenic.* Description
Acetylcarnitine (acetyl-L-carnitine, ALC) is the acetyl-derivative of carnitine. It is a nutrient and a naturally occurring metabolite that is involved in lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. Though closely related chemically to L-carnitine, which is a semi-essential nutrient, ALC surpasses the metabolic potency of carnitine. ALC is a source of precious acetyl groups that facilitate energetic pathways, which carnitine cannot supply. Acetyls from ALC can be combined with coenzyme A (CoA) metabolized from our foods to generate acetyl-CoA. Carnitine’s major role is to link up with fatty acids and transport them into the mitochondria, the cell’s “powerhouses” for energy production. Once within the mitochondria, the fatty acids are first “activated” by CoA, then chipped into two-carbon fragments that are spliced onto CoA to become acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA molecules can then feed into the tricarboxylic acid cycle that generates chemical bond energy in the form of ATP. However, acetyl-CoA is an important “branch point” metabolite, and this is probably what makes ALC metabolically so potent. The acetyl groups of ALC, once incorporated into acetyl-CoA, can be used interchangeably in a variety of metabolic pathways. When energy charge is low, acetyl-CoA stores are being depleted, and (under the influence of the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase) ALC can be drawn upon to replenish acetyl-CoA. When the cell’s energy charge is high, carnitine can be converted back to acetylcarnitine, thereby conserving acetyl until it is needed for energy generation or for other metabolic purposes. Acetylcarnitine therefore helps “buffer” the acetyl supply inside the cell, but as aging sets in, the body’s levels of ALC may become limiting. The “family” of carnitines found in the blood and the tissues includes, in addition to carnitine and acetylcarnitine, long–chain acetylcarnitines (LCAC). The LCAC are likely to interfere with carnitine homeostasis: they tend to clog fatty acid transport into the mitochondria and inhibit membrane enzymes. As people age, total blood carnitine stays roughly the same but the beneficial acetylcarnitine goes down while the inhibitory LCAC tend to go up. Acetylcarnitine supplemented to the diet raises total carnitine and ALC but NOT the LCAC, thereby shifting carnitine homeostasis towards a more functional state.* As a metabolic source of acetyl–CoA, ALC is also a source of acetyl groups for acetylcholine (ACh). This is a nerve transmitter involved in virtually all the brain’s functions. With catalysis by the enzymes choline acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase, the acetyl of ALC can be coupled with choline (via acetyl–CoA), to make ACh and generate carnitine as a convenient byproduct. Although the brain supposedly synthesizes carnitine, total brain carnitine and brain ALC decline with age. ALC from dietary sources can raise brain levels of ALC and total carnitines, and do so more efficiently than dietary carnitine. This effect may be due to acetylcarnitine’s property of crossing the blood–brain barrier more freely than does carnitine.* As if all this were not sufficient to render ALC an exceptional nutrient, it has been found to offer another important benefit that carnitine lacks: antitoxic protective effects.* Experimentally, ALC protected nerve cells against oxidative insults, as from MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) oxidative toxicity and from ischemia.* Exposure to ALC also increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and increased cellular glutathione (GSH/reduced) and coenzyme Q10.* Markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (a “lipid peroxide” end–product) were decreased, so ALC seemingly can protect against lipid peroxidation.* In lab animals, ALC also inhibited age related accumulation of lipofuscin (“aging”) granules in the hippocampus and prefrontal areas of the brain.* These protective effects could have occurred through energetic enhancement by ALC, but a more direct “antioxidant” protective effect has not been ruled out.* Carnitine was not effective in thesestudies.* Acetylcarnitine also appears to offer protection against oxidative stress at the mitochondrial level.* Experimentally, ALC sustained mitochondrial respiratory chain activity (Complex I and Complex IV) against oxidative challenge.* ALC protected proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane from free radicals, as well as the mitochondrial DNA/RNA transcriptase enzyme essential for mitochondrial renewal.* Again, in all these experiments carnitine failed to show an effect.* Acetylcarnitine appears to be a truly versatile metabolite. According to our interpretation of the available peer-reviewed literature, ALC is an energy carrier, metabolic facilitator, and membrane protectant all rolled into one small molecule.* It may also be a potent iron chelator, which could contribute to its apparent antioxidative effects.* This may help explain why metabolically, ALC can do everything that carnitine can, and a whole lot more.*
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Supplement FactsServing Size: Two (2) Capsules
Servings Per Container: 30 | | | | Amount
Per Serving | Daily
Value | Acetyl-L-Carnitine
(As Hydrochloride) | 500 mg | ** | |
** Daily Value Not Established. Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. |
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| Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, L-Leucine, Silicon Dioxide |
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| As a dietary supplement, one or two (1 or 2) capsules two or three (2 or 3) times daily, or more as directed by a health practitioner. |
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| Store in a cool, dry place, tightly capped. ... Keep out of reach of children. |
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| This product is of the highest quality and purity obtainable, free of all common allergens (antigens), and does not contain preservatives, diluents, or artificial additives. |
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| Amino Acid, Body sculpting, Muscle building |
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| Brain Chemistry, Depressive Tendencies, Memory Loss, Protein metabolism, Tension |
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| Blood, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Muscles |
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| Moodiness, Pissiness |
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 NutriCology, Inc., established in 1979, is an innovative leader in the research and formulation of nutritional supplements and is one of the very first allergy-oriented hypoallergenic nutritional supplement companies. The company is recognized worldwide for the quality, purity and efficacy of its targeted nutritional supplement line, consisting of more than 200 products. Over 4,000 physicians and healthcare practitioners worldwide currently purchase NutriCology's products and recommend these supplements to their patients.Stephen Levine, Ph.D., founder of NutriCology, Inc., graduated Cum Laude from the State University College in Buffalo, NY and obtained his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Levine was a Horace and Edith King Davis Memorial Fellow, the recipient of an NIH Training Grant, and a Predoctoral Fellow (1972-1976). Dr. Levine is internationally recognized as one of the foremost innovative leaders and researchers in nutritional supplement formulation. He lectures internationally and holds editorial positions in several professionally sought after publications. Dr. Levine is also known worldwide as an author of the book "Antioxidant Adaptation: Its Role in Free Radical Pathology," which he co-authored with Dr. Parris Kidd in 1985. Their book is considered a leading resource on this subject. Dr. Levine also leads NutriCology's research and development. He is recognized internationally for his mission of creating state-of-the-art supplements especially designed for allergic individuals. For almost 30 years, Dr. Levine has dedicated himself to the latest research and the passionate pursuit of cutting-edge nutritional supplements. Dr. Levine was one of the first to introduce truly hypoallergenic products to the market, and developed the very first Buffered Vitamin C product. Dr. Levine's antioxidant research is legendary in that it created a unique, broad spectrum integration of the available data with a very expanded perspective, which remains one of the most sophisticated antioxidant presentations even today. Over the past three decades, Dr. Levine has collaborated with the medical community. When asked about his work thus far, he states, "It has been my greatest pleasure working with progressive physicians to develop nutraceutical products which reduce suffering and improve the health oftheir patients." |
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According to Taber’s Medical Dictionary, “hypoallergenic” is defined as: “Diminished potential for causing an allergic reaction”. We define hypoallergenic as “free of all common allergens,” specifically: wheat, corn, soy, gluten, yeast, dairy, and eggs. Many very sensitive individuals who react to supplements in general are able to tolerate NutriCology products.
Since our inception in 1979, we have been using only the purest, and whenever possible, the lowest allergy potential natural ingredients. While many of the nutrients in our formulas are synthesized from natural substances (plant sources), which as a whole may contain antigens, the synthesizing process removes the molecules of the desired nutrient from the original substance, and in the processing, a great percentage of the antigens and allergens are left behind. The final material then has extremely low allergy potential.
This is not to say that no one will react to any of our hypoallergenic formulas, as some extremely sensitive people may. However, the potential for an allergic reaction is low, and the feedback from many of our extremely allergic and sensitive customers is that NutriCology supplements are often the only products they are able to tolerate.
New Allergen Labeling Regulations
As a result of the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004, effective January 1, 2006, the FDA requires manufacturers to identify the presence of eight major food allergens on all product labels.
The term “major food allergen” means any of the following:
• milk
• egg
• fish
• crustacean shellfish
• tree nuts
• peanuts
• wheat
• soybeans
• any ingredient derived from the above listed foods
It is important to understand that while an ingredient may have been derived from a common allergen, we are required by law to list that allergen on the label as a source of the ingredient, even if it does not contain any of the actual substance. For example, 100%-pure glucosamine sulfate does not contain any actual shellfish, but we are required to indicate the source material (shrimp, crab, lobster) on the label. Full Disclosure Labeling
Nutricology fully discloses all ingredients, both active and inactive on every product label, so you can make fully informed choices. Vegetarian Capsules
Nutricology is currently in the process of converting most of our existing products to vegetarian capsules, and all new products are being made with vegetarian capsules. |
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NutriCology fully discloses all ingredients, both active and inactive, on every product label, so you can make fully informed choices for your patients.
Furthermore, the following is a list of inactive ingredients used in some of our products. These may be called fillers and/or excipients as defined by the Food Chemical Codex. These are nutrient compounds which are utilized for their physical properties to aid in the supplement production process. They are derived from edible sources and are generally free of common allergens. To determine which natural additives are included in a specific product, please refer to the supplement facts panel.Cellulose Powder is derived from fibrous plant material, is insoluble in water and is used as a filler. In addition to being used as a filler, cellulose powder is sold as an individual supplement as a pure insoluble fiber, and is extremely well tolerated. Silicon Dioxide, or silica, is one of the most common chemical compounds. Silica plays an important role in biological processes. Most rocks and minerals are made of silicon dioxide and other minerals. Silica is insoluble in water and is used for its drying properties. Stearic Acid is an 18 carbon, naturally occurring saturated fatty acid. It is a component of membrane structure and is utilized for its lubricating properties. Magnesium Stearate contains stearic acid and magnesium palmitate, which is magnesium salt of a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid, also common in membrane structure. It is also utilized for its lubricating properties. Dicalcium phosphate (calcium phosphate, dibasic) is a white, odorless, tasteless powder that is stable in air. It is practically insoluble in water, but is readily soluble in hydrochloric acid. L-leucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid, found in almost all animal and vegetable proteins. As an excipient in our formulas, pharmaceutical grade L-leucine is presented in minute amounts and is used as a lubricant. |
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Since 1979, NutriCology has used only the purest raw materials available, and has implemented strict quality control procedures in every stage of production, including inspection of raw materials, manufacturing, packaging, and storing. For many years we have used the same manufacturers to produce our capsules and tablets to ensure consistency. In our facility in Alameda, California we bottle, label, and ship our finished products. NutriCology is currently licensed by the California Department of Health Services, Food and Drug Branch. Our registration number is 0021150. Independent Third Party Laboratories
In addition to our in-house quality control department, we use independent analytical laboratories to test raw materials as well as our finished products. They are assayed for identity, purity and potency. Our products are confirmed to contain no less than 100% of the contents listed on every label. Microbial and heavy metals analyses are also conducted on all applicable products. GMP Standards
Our products are manufactured under the recognized principles of current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) proposed by the FDA. The GMP standards are applied to a wide variety of procedures associated with the manufacturing of dietary supplements, including approval of raw materials, production and process controls, laboratory testing, and product packaging, labeling and distribution. Procedures of Analysis
We utilize a number of advanced methods of analysis, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis (CE), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and atomic absorption (AA), along with biochemistry and wet chemistry techniques. |
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| Detailed Technical Information |
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Our Price: $16.14
Retail Price: $29.50
You Save: $13.36 each, a 45% Savings! |
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